महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-61, verse-38

ग्रहं तु सुषुवे यं तं सिंही चन्द्रार्कमर्दनम् ।
क्राथ इत्यभिविख्यातः सोऽभवन्मनुजाधिपः ॥३८॥

38. grahaṁ tu suṣuve yaṁ taṁ siṁhī candrārkamardanam ,
krātha ityabhivikhyātaḥ so'bhavanmanujādhipaḥ.

38. graham tu suṣuve yam tam siṃhī candrārkamardanam
krāthaḥ iti abhivikhyātaḥ saḥ abhavat manujādhipaḥ

38. And the one whom Siṃhī gave birth to, that 'graha' (celestial body) which tormented the moon and the sun, became very famous as Krātha, the king of men.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रहम् (graham) - celestial body (referring to Rāhu/Ketu, causing eclipse) (seizer, gripper, planet, eclipse-causing entity)

• तु (tu) - and (but, indeed, however, and)

• सुषुवे (suṣuve) - she gave birth to (she gave birth)

• यम् (yam) - whom (whom, which)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the 'graha') (him, that)

• सिंही (siṁhī) - Siṃhī (proper name, mother of Rāhu) (lioness, Siṃhī (proper name of a demoness))

• चन्द्रार्कमर्दनम् (candrārkamardanam) - tormenting the moon and sun (referring to the eclipse-causing nature) (crushing the moon and sun, tormenting the moon and sun)

• क्राथः (krāthaḥ) - Krātha (proper name)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, indicating a quote)

• अभिविख्यातः (abhivikhyātaḥ) - very famous, renowned (very famous, widely known)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was)

• मनुजाधिपः (manujādhipaḥ) - king of men (king of men, ruler of mankind)

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रहम् (graham) - celestial body (referring to Rāhu/Ketu, causing eclipse) (seizer, gripper, planet, eclipse-causing entity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - seizer, gripper, planet (esp. those causing eclipses like Rāhu), astrological influence

agent noun

from root grah (to seize)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Refers to a specific type of celestial body/demon, like Rāhu.

तु (tu) - and (but, indeed, however, and)

(indeclinable)

सुषुवे (suṣuve) - she gave birth to (she gave birth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of sū

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Root sū, class 2, middle voice

यम् (yam) - whom (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the 'graha') (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सिंही (siṁhī) - Siṃhī (proper name, mother of Rāhu) (lioness, Siṃhī (proper name of a demoness))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of siṃhī

siṁhī - lioness; (proper name) mother of Rāhu

चन्द्रार्कमर्दनम् (candrārkamardanam) - tormenting the moon and sun (referring to the eclipse-causing nature) (crushing the moon and sun, tormenting the moon and sun)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of candrārkamardana

candrārkamardana - tormenting/crushing the moon and sun

agent noun / action noun

from candra + arka + mardana

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (candra+arka+mardana)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• arka – sun
  noun (masculine)
• mardana – crushing, tormenting, destroyer
  action noun/agent noun (masculine/neuter)
  action noun / agent noun
  from root mṛd (to crush, grind)
  Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Compound acts as an adjective describing 'graham', hence in accusative singular masculine.

क्राथः (krāthaḥ) - Krātha (proper name)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krātha

krātha - Krātha (a proper name)

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, indicating a quote)

(indeclinable)

अभिविख्यातः (abhivikhyātaḥ) - very famous, renowned (very famous, widely known)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhivikhyāta

abhivikhyāta - very famous, widely known, proclaimed

past passive participle

from abhi-vi-khyā (to be widely known)

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: khyā (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

मनुजाधिपः (manujādhipaḥ) - king of men (king of men, ruler of mankind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manujādhipa

manujādhipa - king of men, ruler of mankind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manuja+adhipa)

• manuja – man, human (born of Manu)
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)