महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-9

तं प्रयान्तमभिप्रेक्ष्य कुन्तीपुत्रो धनंजयः ।
अवतीर्य रथात्तूर्णं भ्रातृभिः सहितोऽन्वयात् ॥९॥

9. taṁ prayāntamabhiprekṣya kuntīputro dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
avatīrya rathāttūrṇaṁ bhrātṛbhiḥ sahito'nvayāt.

9. tam prayāntam abhiprekṣya kuntīputraḥ dhanañjayaḥ
avatīrya rathāt tūrṇam bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitaḥ anvayāt

9. kuntīputraḥ dhanañjayaḥ tam prayāntam abhiprekṣya
rathāt tūrṇam avatīrya bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitaḥ anvayāt

9. Kuntī's son Arjuna (dhanañjaya), having seen Yudhiṣṭhira proceeding, quickly descended from the chariot and, accompanied by his brothers, followed him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Yudhiṣṭhira) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - going, proceeding, advancing

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having seen, having observed, having looked towards

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Arjuna, the son of Kuntī (son of Kuntī)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (name, 'conqueror of wealth')

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having alighted

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by the brothers, with the brothers

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, joined, with

• अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - followed

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Yudhiṣṭhira) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - going, proceeding, advancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prayāt

prayāt - going forth, proceeding

present active participle

Derived from root yā- with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (him).

अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having seen, having observed, having looked towards

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root īkṣ- with upasargas abhi- and pra-

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive participle, meaning 'having done X'

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Arjuna, the son of Kuntī (son of Kuntī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī

Tatpuruṣa compound: Kuntī (mother's name) + putra (son)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (mother of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (name, 'conqueror of wealth')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Arjuna (name, 'conqueror of wealth', 'winner of prizes')

Compound of dhana (wealth) and jaya (victory/conquest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having alighted

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root tṛ- with upasarga ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive participle, meaning 'having done X'

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, carriage

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used adverbially as 'quickly'.

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by the brothers, with the brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, joined, with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, joined with, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā- with upasarga sa- and hi-

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with Dhanañjaya.

अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - followed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anu-yā

Imperfect tense form of root yā- with upasarga anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)