महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-31

तमुवाच ततः पादौ कराभ्यां पीड्य पाण्डवः ।
भीष्मं शांतनवं राजा युद्धाय समुपस्थितम् ॥३१॥

31. tamuvāca tataḥ pādau karābhyāṁ pīḍya pāṇḍavaḥ ,
bhīṣmaṁ śāṁtanavaṁ rājā yuddhāya samupasthitam.

31. tam uvāca tataḥ pādau karābhyām pīḍya pāṇḍavaḥ
bhīṣmam śāntanavam rājā yuddhāya samupasthitam

31. tataḥ rājā pāṇḍavaḥ karābhyām pādau pīḍya yuddhāya
samupasthitam tam śāntanavam bhīṣmam uvāca

31. Then, King Yudhiṣṭhira, the Pāṇḍava, after reverently touching Bhīṣma’s feet with his hands, spoke to the son of Śāntanu, who stood ready for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Bhīṣma (him, that)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• पादौ (pādau) - Bhīṣma's feet (two feet)

• कराभ्याम् (karābhyām) - with two hands

• पीड्य (pīḍya) - having reverently touched (having pressed, having touched, having oppressed)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhīṣma (son of Śāntanu)

• राजा (rājā) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

• समुपस्थितम् (samupasthitam) - ready for battle (standing ready, approached, presented)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Bhīṣma (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

पादौ (pādau) - Bhīṣma's feet (two feet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg

Note: Can also be nominative dual, but accusative fits better with pīḍya (having pressed/touched).

कराभ्याम् (karābhyām) - with two hands

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of kara

kara - hand, ray

Note: Also dative/ablative dual. Instrumental fits here.

पीड्य (pīḍya) - having reverently touched (having pressed, having touched, having oppressed)

(indeclinable)

Gerund

Root pīḍ with suffix -ya (absolutive)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: It is an absolutive/gerund.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Derived from Pāṇḍu

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper noun), terrible, awe-inspiring

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhīṣma (son of Śāntanu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śāntanu, descendant of Śāntanu

Derived from Śāntanu

Note: An epithet for Bhīṣma.

राजा (rājā) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

समुपस्थितम् (samupasthitam) - ready for battle (standing ready, approached, presented)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - standing near, ready, present, approached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root sthā with upasargas sam- and upa-

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhīṣma (tam, bhīṣmam, śāntanavam).