महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-24

न नूनं क्षत्रियकुले जातः संप्रथिते भुवि ।
यथास्य हृदयं भीतमल्पसत्त्वस्य संयुगे ॥२४॥

24. na nūnaṁ kṣatriyakule jātaḥ saṁprathite bhuvi ,
yathāsya hṛdayaṁ bhītamalpasattvasya saṁyuge.

24. na nūnaṃ kṣatriyakule jātaḥ saṃprathite bhuvi
yathā asya hṛdayaṃ bhītam alpasattvasya saṃyuge

24. asya alpasattvasya hṛdayaṃ saṃyuge bhītam,
yathā na nūnaṃ saṃprathite bhuvi kṣatriyakule jātaḥ

24. Surely, he was not born in a renowned kṣatriya family on earth, given how his faint-hearted heart is so afraid in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• नूनं (nūnaṁ) - surely (certainly, surely, indeed)

• क्षत्रियकुले (kṣatriyakule) - in a kṣatriya (warrior) family (in a kṣatriya family, in a warrior lineage)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born (born, produced, become)

• संप्रथिते (saṁprathite) - in a renowned (kṣatriya family) (in the well-known, in the famous)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world, on the ground)

• यथा (yathā) - given that, considering how (as, just as, in which way)

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (of this, his)

• हृदयं (hṛdayaṁ) - heart (heart, mind, core)

• भीतम् (bhītam) - afraid (afraid, frightened)

• अल्पसत्त्वस्य (alpasattvasya) - of his faint-hearted (heart) (of the faint-hearted, of one with little essence/courage)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in union, in conjunction)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

नूनं (nūnaṁ) - surely (certainly, surely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

क्षत्रियकुले (kṣatriyakule) - in a kṣatriya (warrior) family (in a kṣatriya family, in a warrior lineage)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣatriyakula

kṣatriyakula - warrior family, kṣatriya lineage

Compound of kṣatriya (warrior) + kula (family)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+kula)

• kṣatriya – warrior, member of the kṣatriya caste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi
• kula – family, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)

जातः (jātaḥ) - born (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (to be born) with suffix -kta

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies an implied subject (he/Yudhiṣṭhira).

संप्रथिते (saṁprathite) - in a renowned (kṣatriya family) (in the well-known, in the famous)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃprathita

saṁprathita - well-known, famous, renowned

Past Passive Participle

From root prath (to spread) with prefixes sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: prath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kṣatriyakule'.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhu

bhu - earth, ground, place, world

Root: bhū (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - given that, considering how (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to introduce a clause explaining the reason or manner.

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the implied subject of the previous verse, Yudhiṣṭhira.

हृदयं (hṛdayaṁ) - heart (heart, mind, core)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, chest

Note: Subject of the clause 'hṛdayaṃ bhītam'.

भीतम् (bhītam) - afraid (afraid, frightened)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened

Past Passive Participle

From root bhī (to fear) with suffix -kta

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'hṛdayaṃ'.

अल्पसत्त्वस्य (alpasattvasya) - of his faint-hearted (heart) (of the faint-hearted, of one with little essence/courage)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of alpasattva

alpasattva - having little strength/courage, faint-hearted, weak-minded

Compound of alpa (little) + sattva (essence/courage)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+sattva)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective
• sattva – essence, spirit, courage, being
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'asya' (his) and, by extension, 'hṛdayaṃ'.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in union, in conjunction)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, encounter, union

From root yuj (to join) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)