महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-69

संजय उवाच ।
इत्युक्त्वा व्यथितो राजा नोवाच गतचेतनः ।
तं गौतमः प्रत्युवाच विज्ञायास्य विवक्षितम् ।
अवध्योऽहं महीपाल युध्यस्व जयमाप्नुहि ॥६९॥

69. saṁjaya uvāca ,
ityuktvā vyathito rājā novāca gatacetanaḥ ,
taṁ gautamaḥ pratyuvāca vijñāyāsya vivakṣitam ,
avadhyo'haṁ mahīpāla yudhyasva jayamāpnuhi.

69. sañjayaḥ uvāca iti uktvā vyathitaḥ rājā
na uvāca gatacetanaḥ tam gautamaḥ
pratyuvāca vijñāya asya vivakṣitam avadhyaḥ
aham mahīpāla yudhyasva jayam āpnuhi

69. sañjayaḥ uvāca iti uktvā vyathitaḥ
gatacetanaḥ rājā na uvāca tam asya vivakṣitam
vijñāya gautamaḥ pratyuvāca mahīpāla
aham avadhyaḥ yudhyasva jayam āpnuhi

69. Sanjaya said: Having spoken thus, the distressed king, having lost consciousness, did not speak. Then Gautama (Drona), understanding his intention, replied to him: 'I am invulnerable, O protector of the earth (mahīpāla). Fight and attain victory!'

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, agitated, troubled

• राजा (rājā) - Dhritarashtra (king, ruler)

• न (na) - not, no

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• गतचेतनः (gatacetanaḥ) - unconscious, deprived of sense, fainted

• तम् (tam) - Referring to Dhritarashtra (him, that (masculine accusative))

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Drona (Gautama (proper name, here Drona's patronymic))

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having perceived

• अस्य (asya) - Referring to Dhritarashtra's (intention) (his, of this (masculine/neuter genitive))

• विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - Dhritarashtra's intention (intended, desired, what is meant)

• अवध्यः (avadhyaḥ) - not to be killed, invulnerable, inviolable

• अहम् (aham) - Drona (I)

• महीपाल (mahīpāla) - Referring to Dhritarashtra (O protector of the earth, O king)

• युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight, engage in battle

• जयम् (jayam) - victory, triumph

• आप्नुहि (āpnuhi) - attain, obtain, reach

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - victory, one who conquers completely (proper name)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vac with suffix -ktvā

Root: vac (class 2)

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, agitated, troubled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyath (to tremble, to be distressed) with suffix -ta

Prefix: vi

Root: yath (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - Dhritarashtra (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

गतचेतनः (gatacetanaḥ) - unconscious, deprived of sense, fainted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatacetana

gatacetana - whose consciousness has gone, unconscious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+cetana)

• gata – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetana – consciousness, sense, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "rājā"

तम् (tam) - Referring to Dhritarashtra (him, that (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Drona (Gautama (proper name, here Drona's patronymic))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - descendant of Gotama, a proper name (e.g., Drona)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prati-vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root jñā with prefix vi and suffix -lyaP

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

अस्य (asya) - Referring to Dhritarashtra's (intention) (his, of this (masculine/neuter genitive))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - Dhritarashtra's intention (intended, desired, what is meant)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vivakṣita

vivakṣita - intended, desired, meant

Past Passive Participle (from desiderative of vac)

Derived from the desiderative stem of root vac (vac > vivakṣ > vivakṣita)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

अवध्यः (avadhyaḥ) - not to be killed, invulnerable, inviolable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, invulnerable

Gerundive

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with negative prefix 'a' and suffix -ya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vadhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vadhya – to be killed
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root han
  Root: han (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - Drona (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

महीपाल (mahīpāla) - Referring to Dhritarashtra (O protector of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - protector of the earth, king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight, engage in battle

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

जयम् (jayam) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph

Derived from root ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of āpnuhi

आप्नुहि (āpnuhi) - attain, obtain, reach

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of āp

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)