महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-25

ततस्ते क्षत्रियाः सर्वे प्रशंसन्ति स्म कौरवान् ।
हृष्टाः सुमनसो भूत्वा चैलानि दुधुवुः पृथक् ॥२५॥

25. tataste kṣatriyāḥ sarve praśaṁsanti sma kauravān ,
hṛṣṭāḥ sumanaso bhūtvā cailāni dudhuvuḥ pṛthak.

25. tataḥ te kṣatriyāḥ sarve praśaṃsanti sma kauravān
hṛṣṭāḥ sumanasaḥ bhūtvā cailāni dudhuvuḥ pṛthak

25. tataḥ te sarve kṣatriyāḥ kauravān praśaṃsanti sma.
hṛṣṭāḥ sumanasaḥ bhūtvā pṛthak cailāni dudhuvuḥ

25. Then, all those kṣatriyas (warriors) praised the Kauravas. Having become joyful and cheerful, they separately shook their garments.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• ते (te) - those (kṣatriyas) (those, they)

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - kṣatriyas (warriors) (warriors, kṣatriyas)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (kṣatriyas) (all, every)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praised (they praise, they commend)

• स्म (sma) - indicating past tense (an emphatic particle, indicates past tense when combined with present verb)

• कौरवान् (kauravān) - the Kauravas (Duryodhana's side) (the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru)

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful (delighted, joyful, thrilled)

• सुमनसः (sumanasaḥ) - cheerful (cheerful, benevolent, happy)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become (having become, being)

• चैलानि (cailāni) - garments (garments, cloths)

• दुधुवुः (dudhuvuḥ) - they shook (they shook, they agitated)

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately (separately, apart, individually)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (kṣatriyas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the kṣatriyas mentioned implicitly in the context.

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - kṣatriyas (warriors) (warriors, kṣatriyas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, member of the kṣatriya caste

Root: kṣi

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (kṣatriyas) (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'kṣatriyāḥ'.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praised (they praise, they commend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Present Active

From root śaṃs (to praise) with prefix pra, 3rd person plural

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Combined with 'sma' to indicate past tense.

स्म (sma) - indicating past tense (an emphatic particle, indicates past tense when combined with present verb)

(indeclinable)

कौरवान् (kauravān) - the Kauravas (Duryodhana's side) (the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a member of the Kaurava clan

Patronymic from Kuru

Note: Object of 'praśaṃsanti'.

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful (delighted, joyful, thrilled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, erect (hairs)

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛṣ (to be excited, to rejoice) with suffix -kta

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kṣatriyāḥ'.

सुमनसः (sumanasaḥ) - cheerful (cheerful, benevolent, happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sumanasa

sumanasa - cheerful, benevolent, well-minded, flower

Compound of su (good) + manas (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+manas)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating goodness or excellence.
• manas – mind, intellect
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man

Note: Qualifies 'kṣatriyāḥ'.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become (having become, being)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root bhū (to be) with suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates prior action to 'dudhuvuḥ'.

चैलानि (cailāni) - garments (garments, cloths)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of caila

caila - cloth, garment

From cīra (rag) or related to cīna (silk)

Note: Object of 'dudhuvuḥ'.

दुधुवुः (dudhuvuḥ) - they shook (they shook, they agitated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dhū

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of root dhū. The reduplication 'du-dhu' indicates perfect tense.

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: The perfect tense indicates an action completed in the past.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately (separately, apart, individually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'dudhuvuḥ'.