महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-56

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पृच्छामि त्वां द्विजश्रेष्ठ शृणु मे यद्विवक्षितम् ।
कथं जयेयं संग्रामे भवन्तमपराजितम् ॥५६॥

56. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pṛcchāmi tvāṁ dvijaśreṣṭha śṛṇu me yadvivakṣitam ,
kathaṁ jayeyaṁ saṁgrāme bhavantamaparājitam.

56. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pṛcchāmi tvām dvijaśreṣṭha śṛṇu me yat
vivakṣitam katham jayeyam saṃgrāme bhavantam aparājitam

56. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he dvijaśreṣṭha tvām pṛcchāmi me yat
vivakṣitam tat śṛṇu saṃgrāme aparājitam bhavantam katham jayeyam

56. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O best among the twice-born (dvijaśreṣṭha), I ask you, listen to what I wish to say. How can I conquer you, who are unconquerable, in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava) (Yudhiṣṭhira (a name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask (I ask, I inquire)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative singular))

• द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best among the twice-born (dvijaśreṣṭha) (best among the twice-born, O best Brahmin)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me (genitive/dative singular))

• यत् (yat) - what (that which) (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

• विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - what is wished to be said (desired to be said, intended, meant)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how?, in what manner?)

• जयेयम् (jayeyam) - may I conquer (may I conquer, I might conquer)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - you (addressing Droṇa) (you (accusative singular), the venerable one, the master)

• अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquerable (unconquered, invincible, undefeated)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava) (Yudhiṣṭhira (a name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steady in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – steady, firm, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask (I ask, I inquire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best among the twice-born (dvijaśreṣṭha) (best among the twice-born, O best Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best among the twice-born

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya); bird; tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi (two) + jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

Note: Refers to Droṇa as a Brahmin.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me (genitive/dative singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, us

यत् (yat) - what (that which) (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Also an indeclinable meaning 'since, because'. Here functions as a relative pronoun.

विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - what is wished to be said (desired to be said, intended, meant)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vivakṣita

vivakṣita - desired to be said, intended, meant

Past Passive Participle

From desiderative of root vac (to speak).

Prefix: vi

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun here, "that which is desired to be said".

कथम् (katham) - how (how?, in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

जयेयम् (jayeyam) - may I conquer (may I conquer, I might conquer)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ji

Root: ji (class 1)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

From saṃ- (together) + grām (village, host) meaning 'conflict of hosts'.

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - you (addressing Droṇa) (you (accusative singular), the venerable one, the master)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, venerable, respectable

Present Active Participle

From root bhū (to be, to exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Functions here as a pronoun 'you' (honorific).

अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquerable (unconquered, invincible, undefeated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparājita

aparājita - unconquered, invincible, undefeated

Past Passive Participle

Negation (a-) of parājita (conquered).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parājita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• parājita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix parā- and root ji (to conquer).
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies `bhavantam`.