महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-72

स शल्यमभिवाद्याथ कृत्वा चाभिप्रदक्षिणम् ।
उवाच राजा दुर्धर्षमात्मनिःश्रेयसं वचः ॥७२॥

72. sa śalyamabhivādyātha kṛtvā cābhipradakṣiṇam ,
uvāca rājā durdharṣamātmaniḥśreyasaṁ vacaḥ.

72. saḥ śalyam abhivādya atha kṛtvā ca abhipradakṣiṇam
uvāca rājā durdharṣam ātmaniḥśreyasam vacas

72. atha saḥ śalyam abhivādya ca abhipradakṣiṇam
kṛtvā rājā durdharṣam ātmaniḥśreyasam vacas uvāca

72. Then he, after saluting Śalya and circumambulating him, spoke words beneficial for his own welfare to the formidable king.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - to Śalya

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having greeted

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभिप्रदक्षिणम् (abhipradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise, respectful)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - formidable, unconquerable

• आत्मनिःश्रेयसम् (ātmaniḥśreyasam) - beneficial for one's own welfare

• वचस् (vacas) - word, speech

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शल्यम् (śalyam) - to Śalya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (proper name), dart, spear

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having greeted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive formed from root vad with prefix abhi and suffix -ya

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive formed from root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अभिप्रदक्षिणम् (abhipradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise, respectful)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhipradakṣiṇa

abhipradakṣiṇa - respectful circumambulation, turning to the right

Compound type : karmadhāraya (abhi+pradakṣiṇa)

• abhi – towards, against
  indeclinable
• pradakṣiṇa – clockwise, auspicious turn to the right
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: pra

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - formidable, unconquerable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - unconquerable, formidable, difficult to attack

From dur (difficult) + dharṣa (daring, attack)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
• dharṣa – daring, assault, attack
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

आत्मनिःश्रेयसम् (ātmaniḥśreyasam) - beneficial for one's own welfare

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmaniḥśreyasa

ātmaniḥśreyasa - beneficial for one's self, leading to final bliss (niḥśreyasa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+niḥśreyasa)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• niḥśreyasa – supreme good, final bliss, liberation, welfare
  noun (neuter)

वचस् (vacas) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice