महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-63

सोऽभिवाद्य कृपं राजा कृत्वा चापि प्रदक्षिणम् ।
उवाच दुर्धर्षतमं वाक्यं वाक्यविशारदः ॥६३॥

63. so'bhivādya kṛpaṁ rājā kṛtvā cāpi pradakṣiṇam ,
uvāca durdharṣatamaṁ vākyaṁ vākyaviśāradaḥ.

63. saḥ abhivādya kṛpam rājā kṛtvā ca api pradakṣiṇam
uvāca durdharṣatamam vākyam vākyaviśāradaḥ

63. rājā vākyaviśāradaḥ saḥ kṛpam abhivādya ca api
pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā durdharṣatamam vākyam uvāca

63. The king, an expert in speech, greeted Kṛpa, performed a circumambulation (pradakṣiṇam), and then spoke these most formidable words.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted, having saluted

• कृपम् (kṛpam) - the preceptor Kṛpa (Kṛpa (name of a preceptor))

• राजा (rājā) - king

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise, out of respect)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• दुर्धर्षतमम् (durdharṣatamam) - most formidable, most difficult to overcome

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• वाक्यविशारदः (vākyaviśāradaḥ) - expert in speech, skilled in words

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted, having saluted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix 'abhi-' + root 'vad' (1P) with suffix '-ya' (for roots ending in short 'a' or with prefixes).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

कृपम् (kṛpam) - the preceptor Kṛpa (Kṛpa (name of a preceptor))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (a name, specific preceptor in Mahābhārata)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'kṛ' (8U) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise, out of respect)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - circumambulation (clockwise, to the right), respectful turning

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दुर्धर्षतमम् (durdharṣatamam) - most formidable, most difficult to overcome

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durdharṣatama

durdharṣatama - most formidable, most unconquerable

Superlative degree of 'durdharṣa' (difficult to attack/overcome).

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

वाक्यविशारदः (vākyaviśāradaḥ) - expert in speech, skilled in words

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākyaviśārada

vākyaviśārada - expert in speech, skilled in words

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vākya+viśārada)

• vākya – word, speech, statement
  noun (neuter)
• viśārada – expert, skilled, proficient
  adjective (masculine)