महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-83

संजय उवाच ।
अनुमान्याथ कौन्तेयो मातुलं मद्रकेश्वरम् ।
निर्जगाम महासैन्याद्भ्रातृभिः परिवारितः ॥८३॥

83. saṁjaya uvāca ,
anumānyātha kaunteyo mātulaṁ madrakeśvaram ,
nirjagāma mahāsainyādbhrātṛbhiḥ parivāritaḥ.

83. sañjaya uvāca anumānya atha kaunteyaḥ mātulam
madrakeśvaram nirjagāma mahāsainyāt bhrātṛbhiḥ parivāritaḥ

83. sañjaya uvāca atha kaunteyaḥ mātulam madrakeśvaram
anumānya bhrātṛbhiḥ parivāritaḥ mahāsainyāt nirjagāma

83. Sanjaya said: Having then taken leave of his maternal uncle, the king of Madra (Śalya), Kunti's son (Arjuna) departed from the great army, surrounded by his brothers.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having taken leave, having obtained permission

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

• मातुलम् (mātulam) - maternal uncle

• मद्रकेश्वरम् (madrakeśvaram) - King Śalya, Arjuna's maternal uncle (lord of Madra, king of Madra)

• निर्जगाम (nirjagāma) - departed, went out

• महासैन्यात् (mahāsainyāt) - from the great army

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by brothers, with brothers

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, attended

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (the charioteer of Dhritarashtra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having taken leave, having obtained permission

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from the root √mā (to measure, compare, honor) with prefix 'anu' and suffix '-ya' for the absolutive form.

Prefix: anu

Root: mā (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

मातुलम् (mātulam) - maternal uncle

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle

मद्रकेश्वरम् (madrakeśvaram) - King Śalya, Arjuna's maternal uncle (lord of Madra, king of Madra)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+īśvara)

• madra – name of a country or people
  proper noun (neuter)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

निर्जगाम (nirjagāma) - departed, went out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of nirgam

Prefix: nis

Root: gam (class 1)

महासैन्यात् (mahāsainyāt) - from the great army

(compound)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+sainya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'senā' (army)

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by brothers, with brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, attended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, enclosed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'pari' and root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with the past passive participle suffix '-ita'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)