महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-46

स द्रोणमभिवाद्याथ कृत्वा चैव प्रदक्षिणम् ।
उवाच वाचा दुर्धर्षमात्मनिःश्रेयसं वचः ॥४६॥

46. sa droṇamabhivādyātha kṛtvā caiva pradakṣiṇam ,
uvāca vācā durdharṣamātmaniḥśreyasaṁ vacaḥ.

46. saḥ droṇam abhivādya atha kṛtvā ca eva pradakṣiṇam
uvāca vācā durdharṣam ātmaniḥśreyasaṃ vacaḥ

46. saḥ atha droṇam abhivādya ca eva pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā,
vācā uvāca durdharṣam ātmaniḥśreyasaṃ vacaḥ.

46. He, having bowed to Drona and performed circumambulation (pradakṣiṇa), then spoke with unassailable words beneficial for his own welfare.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having bowed to, having greeted

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, moreover

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with words

• दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - powerful, strong (referring to the words) (unassailable, invincible, difficult to assail)

• आत्मनिःश्रेयसं (ātmaniḥśreyasaṁ) - beneficial for oneself, leading to one's own welfare

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona, the royal preceptor of the Kuru princes.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having bowed to, having greeted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √vad (class 1, Parasmaipada) with prefix abhi, and suffix -ya (after prefixes).

Prefix: abhi

Root: √vad (class 1)

Note: Used as an indeclinable participle.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, moreover

(indeclinable)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √kṛ (class 8, Parasmaipada) with suffix -tvā.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

(indeclinable)

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - circumambulation from left to right, going clockwise (as a mark of respect)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect (Lit) third person singular

From √vac (class 2, Parasmaipada). Irregular stem formation.

Root: √vac (class 2)

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - powerful, strong (referring to the words) (unassailable, invincible, difficult to assail)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to overcome, unassailable, formidable

Compound of 'dur-' (difficult) and 'dharṣa' (assaultable, from √dhṛṣ 'to be bold')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard (prefix)
  indeclinable
• dharṣa – assault, attack, boldness
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  From √dhṛṣ (class 5/1).
  Root: √dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'.

आत्मनिःश्रेयसं (ātmaniḥśreyasaṁ) - beneficial for oneself, leading to one's own welfare

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmaniḥśreyasa

ātmaniḥśreyasa - leading to one's own supreme good, self-beneficial

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+niḥśreyasa)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• niḥśreyasa – supreme good, ultimate welfare, final beatitude
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance