महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-23

धनंजये कथं नाथे पाण्डवे च वृकोदरे ।
नकुले सहदेवे च भीतोऽभ्येति च पाण्डवः ॥२३॥

23. dhanaṁjaye kathaṁ nāthe pāṇḍave ca vṛkodare ,
nakule sahadeve ca bhīto'bhyeti ca pāṇḍavaḥ.

23. dhanaṃjaye kathaṃ nāthe pāṇḍave ca vṛkodare
nakule sahadeve ca bhītaḥ abhyeti ca pāṇḍavaḥ

23. pāṇḍavaḥ kathaṃ ca bhītaḥ abhyeti dhanaṃjaye
nāthe pāṇḍave ca vṛkodare nakule sahadeve ca

23. How can a Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira) become afraid when Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna), Pāṇḍava (Arjuna), Vṛkodara (Bhīma), Nakula, and Sahadeva are his protectors?

Words meanings summery:

• धनंजये (dhanaṁjaye) - in Arjuna (Dhanaṃjaya) (in Dhanaṃjaya, regarding Dhanaṃjaya)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, why, in what manner)

• नाथे (nāthe) - when there is a protector (in the protector, regarding the master)

• पाण्डवे (pāṇḍave) - in Arjuna, a descendant of Pāṇḍu (in a descendant of Pāṇḍu, regarding a Pāṇḍava)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वृकोदरे (vṛkodare) - in Bhīma (Vṛkodara) (in Vṛkodara, regarding Vṛkodara)

• नकुले (nakule) - in Nakula (in Nakula, regarding Nakula)

• सहदेवे (sahadeve) - in Sahadeva (in Sahadeva, regarding Sahadeva)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid (afraid, frightened)

• अभ्येति (abhyeti) - overcomes (fear) or becomes (afraid) (approaches, comes near, overcomes)

• च (ca) - and (as an emphatic particle, or connecting implied clauses) (and, also)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a Pāṇḍava) (a descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

धनंजये (dhanaṁjaye) - in Arjuna (Dhanaṃjaya) (in Dhanaṃjaya, regarding Dhanaṃjaya)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna

Compound from dhana (wealth) + jaya (victory/conquest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

नाथे (nāthe) - when there is a protector (in the protector, regarding the master)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - protector, lord, master

Root: nāth (class 1)

पाण्डवे (pāṇḍave) - in Arjuna, a descendant of Pāṇḍu (in a descendant of Pāṇḍu, regarding a Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Refers to Arjuna in this context, as he is also a son of Pāṇḍu. The other Pāṇḍava in the sentence (Yudhiṣṭhira) is the one being spoken about, not a protector in this sense.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वृकोदरे (vṛkodare) - in Bhīma (Vṛkodara) (in Vṛkodara, regarding Vṛkodara)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied, a name of Bhīma

Compound of vṛka (wolf) + udara (belly)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Bhīma.

नकुले (nakule) - in Nakula (in Nakula, regarding Nakula)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - a mongoose, a proper name (Nakula)

सहदेवे (sahadeve) - in Sahadeva (in Sahadeva, regarding Sahadeva)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - a proper name (Sahadeva), born with a god

Compound of saha (with) + deva (god)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+deva)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid (afraid, frightened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened

Past Passive Participle

From root bhī (to fear) with suffix -kta

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'Pāṇḍavaḥ'.

अभ्येति (abhyeti) - overcomes (fear) or becomes (afraid) (approaches, comes near, overcomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of eti

Present Active

From root i (to go) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The prefix 'abhi' gives the sense of 'towards' or 'upon', hence 'approaches' or 'overcomes'.

च (ca) - and (as an emphatic particle, or connecting implied clauses) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used for emphasis or to connect a series of ideas.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a Pāṇḍava) (a descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, the implied subject.