महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-327, verse-67

यतोऽहं प्रसृतः पूर्वमव्यक्तात्त्रिगुणो महान् ।
तस्मात्परतरो योऽसौ क्षेत्रज्ञ इति कल्पितः ।
सोऽहं क्रियावतां पन्थाः पुनरावृत्तिदुर्लभः ॥६७॥

67. yato'haṁ prasṛtaḥ pūrvamavyaktāttriguṇo mahān ,
tasmātparataro yo'sau kṣetrajña iti kalpitaḥ ,
so'haṁ kriyāvatāṁ panthāḥ punarāvṛttidurlabhaḥ.

67. yataḥ aham prasṛtaḥ pūrvam avyaktāt
triguṇaḥ mahān | tasmāt parataraḥ yaḥ asau
kṣetrajñaḥ iti kalpitaḥ | saḥ aham
kriyāvatām panthāḥ punarāvṛttidurlabhaḥ

67. aham yataḥ avyaktāt triguṇaḥ mahān
pūrvam prasṛtaḥ tasmāt parataraḥ yaḥ asau
kṣetrajñaḥ iti kalpitaḥ saḥ aham
kriyāvatām punarāvṛttidurlabhaḥ panthāḥ

67. From which unmanifest (avyakta) I, the great one endowed with three qualities, previously emanated. Higher than that (unmanifest) is this one, who is conceived as the knower of the field (kṣetrajña). That (knower of the field) I am the path for those who perform actions, a path from which return (punarāvṛtti) is difficult to achieve.

Words meanings summery:

• यतः (yataḥ) - from which (unmanifest prakṛti) (from which, whence, because)

• अहम् (aham) - I (referring to the Mahat, cosmic intellect) (I)

• प्रसृतः (prasṛtaḥ) - emanated (from avyakta) (emanated, spread forth, arisen)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (previously, before, formerly)

• अव्यक्तात् (avyaktāt) - from the unmanifest (prakṛti) (from the unmanifest, from the indistinct)

• त्रिगुणः (triguṇaḥ) - endowed with three qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas) (endowed with three qualities, threefold)

• महान् (mahān) - great (referring to the Mahat principle) (great, mighty, large)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - higher than that (unmanifest avyakta) (from that, therefore)

• परतरः (parataraḥ) - higher (than the unmanifest) (higher, superior, further)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to the kṣetrajña) (who, which)

• असौ (asau) - this (known one, referring to kṣetrajña) (that, this (distant or known))

• क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the knower of the field (puruṣa) (knower of the field, the soul, spirit)

• इति (iti) - thus (is conceived) (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought, or introduces a concept))

• कल्पितः (kalpitaḥ) - conceived (as the knower of the field) (conceived, imagined, fabricated)

• सः (saḥ) - that (kṣetrajña) (that, he)

• अहम् (aham) - I (referring to the speaker, the ultimate Puruṣa) (I)

• क्रियावताम् (kriyāvatām) - of those engaged in actions (of those who are active, of doers)

• पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - the path (path, way)

• पुनरावृत्तिदुर्लभः (punarāvṛttidurlabhaḥ) - a path from which return (punarāvṛtti) is difficult to achieve (difficult to return from, where return is rare)

Words meanings and morphology

यतः (yataḥ) - from which (unmanifest prakṛti) (from which, whence, because)

(indeclinable)

ablative of ya with tasi suffix

अहम् (aham) - I (referring to the Mahat, cosmic intellect) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

प्रसृतः (prasṛtaḥ) - emanated (from avyakta) (emanated, spread forth, arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasṛta

prasṛta - emanated, spread forth, arisen, extended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sṛ (to move, flow) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛ (class 1)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (previously, before, formerly)

(indeclinable)

accusative singular neuter of pūrva used adverbially

अव्यक्तात् (avyaktāt) - from the unmanifest (prakṛti) (from the unmanifest, from the indistinct)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, indistinct, imperceptible, primordial matter

Past Passive Participle of añj with vi and a (negative)

Compound type : negative tatpurusha (a+vyakta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vyakta – manifest, distinct, perceptible
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'añj' with prefix 'vi'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)

त्रिगुणः (triguṇaḥ) - endowed with three qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas) (endowed with three qualities, threefold)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of triguṇa

triguṇa - consisting of three qualities/strands/constituents (guṇas); three-fold

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+guṇa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, strand, constituent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for aham (Mahat).

महान् (mahān) - great (referring to the Mahat principle) (great, mighty, large)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, the cosmic intellect (Mahat)

Note: Used as a substantive, referring to the Mahat principle, here in masculine nominative singular, agreeing with aham.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - higher than that (unmanifest avyakta) (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to avyaktāt (the unmanifest).

परतरः (parataraḥ) - higher (than the unmanifest) (higher, superior, further)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paratara

paratara - higher, superior, further, more distant

comparative degree of para

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to the kṣetrajña) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

असौ (asau) - this (known one, referring to kṣetrajña) (that, this (distant or known))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, yonder

Note: Refers to kṣetrajña.

क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the knower of the field (puruṣa) (knower of the field, the soul, spirit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field, the soul, spirit, puruṣa

compound of kṣetra (field) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, body, region
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

इति (iti) - thus (is conceived) (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought, or introduces a concept))

(indeclinable)

कल्पितः (kalpitaḥ) - conceived (as the knower of the field) (conceived, imagined, fabricated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalpita

kalpita - conceived, imagined, created, arranged, fabricated

Past Passive Participle

from root kḷp (to be suitable, to imagine)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kṣetrajñaḥ.

सः (saḥ) - that (kṣetrajña) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to kṣetrajñaḥ.

अहम् (aham) - I (referring to the speaker, the ultimate Puruṣa) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: This second aham identifies the speaker with the kṣetrajña.

क्रियावताम् (kriyāvatām) - of those engaged in actions (of those who are active, of doers)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kriyāvat

kriyāvat - active, performing actions, a doer, possessing action

vat suffix meaning 'possessing'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - the path (path, way)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, way, road, course

पुनरावृत्तिदुर्लभः (punarāvṛttidurlabhaḥ) - a path from which return (punarāvṛtti) is difficult to achieve (difficult to return from, where return is rare)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of punarāvṛttidurlabha

punarāvṛttidurlabha - difficult to return from, where return is rare; difficult for return, not easily returned from

compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (punarāvṛtti+durlabha)

• punarāvṛtti – return, repetition, transmigration, reincarnation
  noun (feminine)
  compound of punar (again) + āvṛtti (return, from root vṛt with ā)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• durlabha – difficult to obtain, rare, hard to find
  adjective (masculine)
  from prefix 'dur-' (difficult) and root 'labh' (to obtain)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Compound adjective modifying panthāḥ.