महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-327, verse-14

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अहो गूढतमः प्रश्नस्त्वया पृष्टो जनेश्वर ।
नातप्ततपसा ह्येष नावेदविदुषा तथा ।
नापुराणविदा चापि शक्यो व्याहर्तुमञ्जसा ॥१४॥

14. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
aho gūḍhatamaḥ praśnastvayā pṛṣṭo janeśvara ,
nātaptatapasā hyeṣa nāvedaviduṣā tathā ,
nāpurāṇavidā cāpi śakyo vyāhartumañjasā.

14. Vaiśampāyana uvāca aho gūḍhatamaḥ praśnaḥ
tvayā pṛṣṭaḥ janeśvara na ataptatapasā
hi eṣaḥ na avedaviduṣā tathā na
apurāṇavidā ca api śakyaḥ vyāhartum añjasā

14. Vaiśampāyana uvāca.
janeśvara! aho tvayā gūḍhatamaḥ praśnaḥ pṛṣṭaḥ.
hi eṣaḥ ataptatapasā na śakyaḥ vyāhartum.
tathā avedaviduṣā na.
ca api apurāṇavidā na añjasā śakyaḥ vyāhartum.

14. Vaiśampāyana said: "Oh, lord of men, you have indeed asked a most profound question! This (matter) cannot truly be explained by one who has not performed severe penance (tapas), nor by one unacquainted with the Vedas, nor by one unfamiliar with the Purāṇas."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator) (Name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अहो (aho) - Oh! (expressing wonder) (Oh! Ah! expressing surprise, joy, sorrow)

• गूढतमः (gūḍhatamaḥ) - most profound (most profound, most hidden, most secret)

• प्रश्नः (praśnaḥ) - a question (question, inquiry)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked (asked, questioned)

• जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O lord of men (lord of men, king)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अतप्ततपसा (ataptatapasā) - by one who has not performed severe penance (tapas) (by one who has not performed penance, by one whose penance is not heated)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (matter/question) (this, he)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अवेदविदुषा (avedaviduṣā) - by one unacquainted with the Vedas (by one who does not know the Vedas)

• तथा (tathā) - nor (in the same way) (so, thus, in the same way, nor)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• अपुराणविदा (apurāṇavidā) - by one unfamiliar with the Purāṇas (by one who does not know the Purāṇas)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - cannot be (explained) (possible, able, capable of)

• व्याहर्तुम् (vyāhartum) - to explain (to explain, to speak, to declare)

• अञ्जसा (añjasā) - truly / clearly (clearly, truly, rightly, sincerely)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator) (Name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Vaiśampāyana

Vaiśampāyana - Name of a celebrated sage, disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अहो (aho) - Oh! (expressing wonder) (Oh! Ah! expressing surprise, joy, sorrow)

(indeclinable)

Note: Exclamatory particle.

गूढतमः (gūḍhatamaḥ) - most profound (most profound, most hidden, most secret)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gūḍhatama

gūḍhatama - most hidden, most secret, most profound

Superlative of 'gūḍha' (hidden), formed with suffix '-tama'.

Note: Agrees with 'praśnaḥ'.

प्रश्नः (praśnaḥ) - a question (question, inquiry)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry, problem

From root 'prach' (to ask) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'pṛṣṭaḥ'.

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked (asked, questioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned, inquired

Past Passive Participle

From root 'prach' (to ask).

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'praśnaḥ'.

जनेश्वर (janeśvara) - O lord of men (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janeśvara

janeśvara - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound 'jana' (man, people) + 'īśvara' (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+īśvara)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'īś' (to rule, to be master).
  Root: īś (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अतप्ततपसा (ataptatapasā) - by one who has not performed severe penance (tapas) (by one who has not performed penance, by one whose penance is not heated)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ataptatapas

ataptatapas - one whose penance is not performed/heated, one who has not done severe penance

Compound 'a' (not) + 'tapta' (heated, performed) + 'tapas' (penance).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+tapta+tapas)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tapta – heated, purified, performed (penance)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tap' (to heat, to perform penance).
  Root: tap (class 1)
• tapas – penance, austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to a person.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (matter/question) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'question' or the subject of explanation.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अवेदविदुषा (avedaviduṣā) - by one unacquainted with the Vedas (by one who does not know the Vedas)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avedaviduṣ

avedaviduṣ - one who does not know the Vedas

Compound 'a' (not) + 'veda' (Veda) + 'viduṣ' (knowing).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+veda+viduṣ)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• viduṣ – knowing, wise, learned
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to a person.

तथा (tathā) - nor (in the same way) (so, thus, in the same way, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction implying "and so not..."

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अपुराणविदा (apurāṇavidā) - by one unfamiliar with the Purāṇas (by one who does not know the Purāṇas)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of apurāṇavid

apurāṇavid - one who does not know the Purāṇas

Compound 'a' (not) + 'purāṇa' (Purāṇa) + 'vid' (knowing).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+purāṇa+vid)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• purāṇa – Purāṇa (ancient narrative), ancient, old
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to a person.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - cannot be (explained) (possible, able, capable of)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, able to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root 'śak' (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'eṣaḥ'.

व्याहर्तुम् (vyāhartum) - to explain (to explain, to speak, to declare)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vyāhṛ

Infinitive

From root 'hṛ' (to take) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'śakyaḥ'.

अञ्जसा (añjasā) - truly / clearly (clearly, truly, rightly, sincerely)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of 'añjas' (straightness, truth), used as an adverb.

Note: Adverb.