महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-327, verse-12

कथं भागहराः प्रोक्ता देवताः क्रतुषु द्विज ।
किमर्थं चाध्वरे ब्रह्मन्निज्यन्ते त्रिदिवौकसः ॥१२॥

12. kathaṁ bhāgaharāḥ proktā devatāḥ kratuṣu dvija ,
kimarthaṁ cādhvare brahmannijyante tridivaukasaḥ.

12. katham bhāgaharāḥ proktāḥ devatāḥ kratuṣu dvija
kimartham ca adhvare brahman ijyante tridivaukasaḥ

12. dvija! kratuṣu devatāḥ katham bhāgaharāḥ proktāḥ?
brahman! ca kimartham adhvare tridivaukasaḥ ijyante?

12. O twice-born (dvija), how are the deities said to be recipients of shares in the Vedic rituals (kratu)? And for what reason, O brahmin, are the celestial beings worshipped in the Vedic fire ceremony (adhvara)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• भागहराः (bhāgaharāḥ) - recipients of shares (recipients of shares, sharers)

• प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - said to be (declared, said, proclaimed)

• देवताः (devatāḥ) - the deities (deities, gods)

• क्रतुषु (kratuṣu) - in the Vedic rituals (kratu) (in Vedic rituals, in sacrifices)

• द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born one (dvija) (twice-born, brahmin, bird)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose (for what purpose, why)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अध्वरे (adhvare) - in the Vedic fire ceremony (adhvara) (in a Vedic fire ritual, in a sacrifice)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O brahmin (O brahmin, O Lord of creation)

• इज्यन्ते (ijyante) - are worshipped (are worshipped, are sacrificed to)

• त्रिदिवौकसः (tridivaukasaḥ) - the celestial beings (dwellers of heaven, gods)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

भागहराः (bhāgaharāḥ) - recipients of shares (recipients of shares, sharers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāgahara

bhāgahara - receiving a share, sharer

Compound 'bhāga' (share) + 'hara' (taking).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhāga+hara)

• bhāga – share, portion, lot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• hara – taking, carrying, seizing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'hṛ' (to take).
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'devatāḥ'.

प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - said to be (declared, said, proclaimed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prokta

prokta - declared, said, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'devatāḥ'.

देवताः (devatāḥ) - the deities (deities, gods)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, divinity, godhead

From 'deva' (god) with suffix '-tā' (abstract noun).

क्रतुषु (kratuṣu) - in the Vedic rituals (kratu) (in Vedic rituals, in sacrifices)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kratu

kratu - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, intelligence, will

Root: kṛ (class 8)

द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born one (dvija) (twice-born, brahmin, bird)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound 'dvi' (twice) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix, agent noun
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose (for what purpose, why)

(indeclinable)

Compound 'kim' (what) + 'artham' (purpose).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अध्वरे (adhvare) - in the Vedic fire ceremony (adhvara) (in a Vedic fire ritual, in a sacrifice)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvara

adhvara - Vedic fire ritual, sacrifice, ceremony

Literally 'non-injurious' (na-dhvara).

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O brahmin (O brahmin, O Lord of creation)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - brahmin (masc. noun), supreme reality (neuter noun), prayer/Veda (neuter noun)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

इज्यन्ते (ijyante) - are worshipped (are worshipped, are sacrificed to)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of yaj

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Atmanepada ending for passive voice.

त्रिदिवौकसः (tridivaukasaḥ) - the celestial beings (dwellers of heaven, gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tridivaukas

tridivaukas - dweller of heaven, celestial being

Compound 'tridiva' (heaven) + 'okas' (dweller).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tridiva+okas)

• tridiva – heaven, third heaven
  noun (masculine)
• okas – dwelling, house, abode
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'ijyante'.