महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-327, verse-3

कथं प्रवृत्तिधर्मेषु भागार्हा देवताः कृताः ।
कथं निवृत्तिधर्माश्च कृता व्यावृत्तबुद्धयः ॥३॥

3. kathaṁ pravṛttidharmeṣu bhāgārhā devatāḥ kṛtāḥ ,
kathaṁ nivṛttidharmāśca kṛtā vyāvṛttabuddhayaḥ.

3. kathaṃ pravṛttidharmeṣu bhāgārhāḥ devatāḥ kṛtāḥ
kathaṃ nivṛttidharmāḥ ca kṛtāḥ vyāvṛttabuddhayaḥ

3. kathaṃ devatāḥ pravṛttidharmeṣu bhāgārhāḥ kṛtāḥ
ca kathaṃ nivṛttidharmāḥ vyāvṛttabuddhayaḥ kṛtāḥ

3. How were the deities made worthy of a share in the constitution (dharma) of active life? And how were those whose constitution (dharma) is renunciation made to possess withdrawn intellects?

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how is it that (how, why)

• प्रवृत्तिधर्मेषु (pravṛttidharmeṣu) - in the constitution of active life, in the path of worldly engagement

• भागार्हाः (bhāgārhāḥ) - worthy of a share, deserving a portion

• देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities, gods

• कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done, created

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how is it that (how, why)

• निवृत्तिधर्माः (nivṛttidharmāḥ) - those whose constitution/natural law is renunciation, those dedicated to renunciation

• च (ca) - and, also

• कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done, created

• व्यावृत्तबुद्धयः (vyāvṛttabuddhayaḥ) - whose intellects are withdrawn/averted

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how is it that (how, why)

(indeclinable)

प्रवृत्तिधर्मेषु (pravṛttidharmeṣu) - in the constitution of active life, in the path of worldly engagement

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pravṛttidharma

pravṛttidharma - the constitution/natural law of active engagement; the path of worldly action; householder's duties

Compound of pravṛtti and dharma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pravṛtti+dharma)

• pravṛtti – activity, engagement, evolution, manifestation
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-vṛt (to turn forward, proceed)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From dhṛ (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

भागार्हाः (bhāgārhāḥ) - worthy of a share, deserving a portion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāgārha

bhāgārha - worthy of a share, entitled to a portion

Compound of bhāga and arha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāga+arha)

• bhāga – share, portion, part
  noun (masculine)
  From bhaj (to divide, share)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• arha – deserving, worthy, entitled
  adjective (masculine)
  From arh (to deserve)
  Root: arh (class 1)

देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities, gods

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, divinity, god

Feminine noun formed from deva + tā (abstract suffix)

कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done, created

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Derived from P.P.P. (kṛta) and declined to agree with `devatāḥ`.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how is it that (how, why)

(indeclinable)

निवृत्तिधर्माः (nivṛttidharmāḥ) - those whose constitution/natural law is renunciation, those dedicated to renunciation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nivṛttidharma

nivṛttidharma - the constitution/natural law of renunciation; the path of disengagement/withdrawal

Compound of nivṛtti and dharma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nivṛtti+dharma)

• nivṛtti – cessation, withdrawal, renunciation, turning back
  noun (feminine)
  From ni-vṛt (to turn back, cease)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From dhṛ (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done, created

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Derived from P.P.P. (kṛta) and declined to agree with the implied subject, 'those'.

व्यावृत्तबुद्धयः (vyāvṛttabuddhayaḥ) - whose intellects are withdrawn/averted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyāvṛttabuddhi

vyāvṛttabuddhi - having a withdrawn/averted intellect

Bahuvrīhi compound: vyāvṛtta (withdrawn) + buddhi (intellect)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyāvṛtta+buddhi)

• vyāvṛtta – withdrawn, averted, turned away
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-ā-vṛt (to turn away from)
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  From budh (to know, understand)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `nivṛttidharmāḥ`.