महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-99

मितं भुङ्क्ते संविभज्याश्रितेभ्यो मितं स्वपित्यमितं कर्म कृत्वा ।
ददात्यमित्रेष्वपि याचितः संस्तमात्मवन्तं प्रजहत्यनर्थाः ॥९९॥

99. mitaṁ bhuṅkte saṁvibhajyāśritebhyo; mitaṁ svapityamitaṁ karma kṛtvā ,
dadātyamitreṣvapi yācitaḥ saṁ;stamātmavantaṁ prajahatyanarthāḥ.

99. mitaṃ bhuṅkte saṃvibhajya āśritebhyaḥ
mitaṃ svapiti amitaṃ karma kṛtvā
dadāti amitreṣu api yācitaḥ san
tam ātmavantam prajahati anarthāḥ

99. He eats moderately, sharing with his dependents. He sleeps moderately after performing abundant action (karma). When asked, he gives even to his enemies. Misfortunes abandon such a self-possessed (ātman) person.

Words meanings summery:

• मितं (mitaṁ) - moderately (measured, moderate, limited)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats (eats, enjoys)

• संविभज्य (saṁvibhajya) - sharing (having distributed, having shared)

• आश्रितेभ्यः (āśritebhyaḥ) - to his dependents (to/for dependents, those who have sought refuge)

• मितं (mitaṁ) - moderately (measured, moderate, limited)

• स्वपिति (svapiti) - sleeps

• अमितं (amitaṁ) - abundant, immense (unmeasured, unlimited, abundant, immense)

• कर्म (karma) - action, work (action, deed, work)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - after performing (having done, having performed)

• ददाति (dadāti) - gives

• अमित्रेषु (amitreṣu) - even to enemies (among enemies, to enemies)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• याचितः (yācitaḥ) - when requested (requested, asked)

• सन् (san) - being, existing (implying 'when he is') (being, existing)

• तम् (tam) - that (person) (him, that (person))

• आत्मवन्तम् (ātmavantam) - self-possessed (ātman) (self-possessed, endowed with ātman, wise)

• प्रजहति (prajahati) - abandon (abandon, forsake, leave)

• अनर्थाः (anarthāḥ) - misfortunes (misfortunes, calamities, evils, useless things)

Words meanings and morphology

मितं (mitaṁ) - moderately (measured, moderate, limited)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mita

mita - measured, limited, moderate, small

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mā (to measure) with kta suffix.

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats (eats, enjoys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Present tense

Root bhuj (class 7), ātmāne-pada.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

संविभज्य (saṁvibhajya) - sharing (having distributed, having shared)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root bhaj with prefixes sam and vi. Formed with lyap suffix.

Prefixes: sam+vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

आश्रितेभ्यः (āśritebhyaḥ) - to his dependents (to/for dependents, those who have sought refuge)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - taken refuge in, dependent, supported, protected

Past Passive Participle

From root śri with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun referring to 'dependents'.

मितं (mitaṁ) - moderately (measured, moderate, limited)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mita

mita - measured, limited, moderate, small

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mā (to measure) with kta suffix.

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

स्वपिति (svapiti) - sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of svap

Present tense

Root svap (class 2).

Root: svap (class 2)

अमितं (amitaṁ) - abundant, immense (unmeasured, unlimited, abundant, immense)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amita

amita - unmeasured, unlimited, immense, boundless

Past Passive Participle

Negated form of mita (from mā 'to measure' + kta suffix) with a- prefix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• mita – measured, limited, moderate
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mā (to measure) with kta suffix.
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Accusative singular, modifying karma.

कर्म (karma) - action, work (action, deed, work)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect (karma)

From root kṛ 'to do'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - after performing (having done, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root kṛ with ktvā suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ददाति (dadāti) - gives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

Present tense

Root dā (class 3), parasmai-pada.

Root: dā (class 3)

अमित्रेषु (amitreṣu) - even to enemies (among enemies, to enemies)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, not a friend

Compound of a (negation) and mitra (friend).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• mitra – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

Note: The locative implies 'among' or 'in the case of' enemies, which can be interpreted as 'to' or 'even to' in this context.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

याचितः (yācitaḥ) - when requested (requested, asked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yācita

yācita - asked, requested, begged

Past Passive Participle

From root yāc with kta suffix.

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, describing the implied agent.

सन् (san) - being, existing (implying 'when he is') (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

Present Active Participle

From root as 'to be', with śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Conveys simultaneity, 'being (requested)'.

तम् (tam) - that (person) (him, that (person))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of prajahati.

आत्मवन्तम् (ātmavantam) - self-possessed (ātman) (self-possessed, endowed with ātman, wise)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmavat

ātmavat - possessing a self, self-possessed, wise, intelligent, powerful (ātman)

Formed with matup suffix from ātman.

Note: Modifies tam. ātman means 'self, soul, supreme self'.

प्रजहति (prajahati) - abandon (abandon, forsake, leave)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prahā

Present tense

Root hā (class 3) with prefix pra. Parasmi-pada.

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Plural because the subject anarthāḥ is plural.

अनर्थाः (anarthāḥ) - misfortunes (misfortunes, calamities, evils, useless things)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, calamity, useless thing, bad aim

Compound of a (negation) and artha (purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of prajahati.