महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-98

समैर्विवाहं कुरुते न हीनैः समैः सख्यं व्यवहारं कथाश्च ।
गुणैर्विशिष्टांश्च पुरोदधाति विपश्चितस्तस्य नयाः सुनीताः ॥९८॥

98. samairvivāhaṁ kurute na hīnaiḥ; samaiḥ sakhyaṁ vyavahāraṁ kathāśca ,
guṇairviśiṣṭāṁśca purodadhāti; vipaścitastasya nayāḥ sunītāḥ.

98. samaiḥ vivāham kurute na hīnaiḥ
samaiḥ sakhyam vyavahāram kathāḥ
ca guṇaiḥ viśiṣṭān ca puras
dadhāti vipaścitaḥ tasya nayāḥ sunītāḥ

98. One should arrange marriage with equals, not with inferiors. One should engage in friendship, business dealings, and conversations with equals. And one should give precedence to those distinguished by their qualities. For such a discerning person, his policies are indeed well-managed.

Words meanings summery:

• समैः (samaiḥ) - with equals, with similar ones

• विवाहम् (vivāham) - marriage

• कुरुते (kurute) - performs, does, makes

• न (na) - not, no

• हीनैः (hīnaiḥ) - with inferiors, with low-born, with deficient ones

• समैः (samaiḥ) - with equals, with similar ones

• सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship

• व्यवहारम् (vyavahāram) - dealings, conduct, business

• कथाः (kathāḥ) - conversations, stories, talks

• च (ca) - and

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, with merits

• विशिष्टान् (viśiṣṭān) - distinguished, excellent, superior (ones)

• च (ca) - and

• पुरस् (puras) - in front, before, in the presence of

• दधाति (dadhāti) - places, puts, holds, performs, gives

• विपश्चितः (vipaścitaḥ) - of a wise person, of an intelligent one

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of that (person)

• नयाः (nayāḥ) - policies, methods, principles, conduct

• सुनीताः (sunītāḥ) - well-conducted, well-led, well-managed, excellent policies

Words meanings and morphology

समैः (samaiḥ) - with equals, with similar ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sama

sama - equal, same, like, even

Note: Acts as a noun here, referring to 'equals'.

विवाहम् (vivāham) - marriage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivāha

vivāha - marriage, wedding

derived from √vah with prefixes vi- and ā-

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kurute'.

कुरुते (kurute) - performs, does, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of kṛ

present indicative, middle voice, 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The implied subject is a person who is wise.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the action with 'hīnaiḥ'.

हीनैः (hīnaiḥ) - with inferiors, with low-born, with deficient ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hīna

hīna - inferior, deficient, low, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √hā 'to abandon, lose'

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Acts as a noun here, referring to 'inferior people'.

समैः (samaiḥ) - with equals, with similar ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sama

sama - equal, same, like, even

Note: Acts as a noun here, referring to 'equals'.

सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakhya

sakhya - friendship, alliance

derived from sakhi (friend)

Note: Implied verb 'should maintain/do' from 'kurute'.

व्यवहारम् (vyavahāram) - dealings, conduct, business

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - conduct, dealings, business, usage, lawsuit

derived from √hṛ with prefixes vi-, ava-

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Implied verb 'should maintain/do'.

कथाः (kathāḥ) - conversations, stories, talks

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, tale, conversation, discourse

derived from √kath 'to speak'

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Implied verb 'should maintain/do'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vyavahāram' and 'kathāḥ'.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, with merits

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, merit, strand, primary constituents of prakṛti

Note: Instrument of distinction.

विशिष्टान् (viśiṣṭān) - distinguished, excellent, superior (ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, superior, specific

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √śiṣ with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Acts as a noun here, referring to 'distinguished people'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पुरस् (puras) - in front, before, in the presence of

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a compound with dadhāti (puraskaroti - to honor, place in front). Here it's treated separately as an indeclinable before the verb.

दधाति (dadhāti) - places, puts, holds, performs, gives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of dhā

present indicative, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Often used with 'puras' to mean 'to honor' or 'to place first'.

विपश्चितः (vipaścitaḥ) - of a wise person, of an intelligent one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vipaścit

vipaścit - wise, intelligent, learned person

तस्य (tasya) - his, of that (person)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Redundant with vipaścitaḥ, but often used for emphasis.

नयाः (nayāḥ) - policies, methods, principles, conduct

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naya

naya - policy, conduct, method, principle, leading

derived from √nī 'to lead'

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'are well-conducted'.

सुनीताः (sunītāḥ) - well-conducted, well-led, well-managed, excellent policies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sunīta

sunīta - well-conducted, well-led, well-managed, excellent policy

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √nī with prefix su-

Prefix: su

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'nayāḥ'.