महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-95

देशाचारान्समयाञ्जातिधर्मान्बुभूषते यस्तु परावरज्ञः ।
स तत्र तत्राधिगतः सदैव महाजनस्याधिपत्यं करोति ॥९५॥

95. deśācārānsamayāñjātidharmā;nbubhūṣate yastu parāvarajñaḥ ,
sa tatra tatrādhigataḥ sadaiva; mahājanasyādhipatyaṁ karoti.

95. deśācārān samayān jātidharmān
bubhūṣate yaḥ tu parāvarajñaḥ
sa tatra tatra adhigataḥ sadā
eva mahājanasya ādhipatyam karoti

95. Indeed, the one who understands both higher and lower matters and desires to maintain the regional customs, established conventions, and the specific duties (dharma) of various social groups, such a person always attains leadership among the respected people in every such sphere.

Words meanings summery:

• देशाचारान् (deśācārān) - regional customs, local traditions

• समयान् (samayān) - agreements, conventions, established rules

• जातिधर्मान् (jātidharmān) - the specific duties (dharma) pertaining to different social groups (duties of social groups, specific constitutions of castes)

• बुभूषते (bubhūṣate) - desires to be, desires to become, desires to maintain/protect

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• परावरज्ञः (parāvarajñaḥ) - one who knows higher and lower things, discerning, wise

• स (sa) - he, that one

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that respect

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that respect

• अधिगतः (adhigataḥ) - attained, acquired, understood, approached

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• महाजनस्य (mahājanasya) - of great people, of respected people

• आधिपत्यम् (ādhipatyam) - supremacy, authority, leadership, dominion

• करोति (karoti) - does, makes, performs, exercises

Words meanings and morphology

देशाचारान् (deśācārān) - regional customs, local traditions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deśācāra

deśācāra - regional custom, local tradition

Compound type : tatpurusha (deśa+ācāra)

• deśa – region, country, place
  noun (masculine)
• ācāra – custom, practice, conduct
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

समयान् (samayān) - agreements, conventions, established rules

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samaya

samaya - agreement, convention, fixed time, religious doctrine

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

जातिधर्मान् (jātidharmān) - the specific duties (dharma) pertaining to different social groups (duties of social groups, specific constitutions of castes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jātidharma

jātidharma - caste duty, specific obligation of a social group

Compound type : tatpurusha (jāti+dharma)

• jāti – birth, caste, genus, species, family
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• dharma – righteous conduct, duty, law, constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

बुभूषते (bubhūṣate) - desires to be, desires to become, desires to maintain/protect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of bubhūṣate

desiderative

desiderative of √bhū (1P) 'to be, to exist', conjugated in middle voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

परावरज्ञः (parāvarajñaḥ) - one who knows higher and lower things, discerning, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāvarajña

parāvarajña - knowing higher and lower, discerning, wise

Compound type : bahuvrihi (para+avara+jña)

• para – higher, superior, chief, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
• avara – lower, inferior, later, subordinate
  adjective (masculine)
• jña – knowing, expert, wise person
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from √jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Acts as a noun here, referring to 'the one who knows'.

स (sa) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that respect

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis: 'in every such situation'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that respect

(indeclinable)

अधिगतः (adhigataḥ) - attained, acquired, understood, approached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhigata

adhigata - attained, acquired, understood, approached

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √gam with prefix adhi-

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective, 'he, having attained'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

महाजनस्य (mahājanasya) - of great people, of respected people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahājana

mahājana - great person, respected person, noble person

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+jana)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)
• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

आधिपत्यम् (ādhipatyam) - supremacy, authority, leadership, dominion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ādhipatya

ādhipatya - supremacy, dominion, lordship, leadership

Prefix: adhi

Root: pat (class 1)

करोति (karoti) - does, makes, performs, exercises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of kṛ

present indicative, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)