महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-57

त्रय एवाधना राजन्भार्या दासस्तथा सुतः ।
यत्ते समधिगच्छन्ति यस्य ते तस्य तद्धनम् ॥५७॥

57. traya evādhanā rājanbhāryā dāsastathā sutaḥ ,
yatte samadhigacchanti yasya te tasya taddhanam.

57. trayaḥ eva adhanā rājan bhāryā dāsaḥ tathā sutaḥ
yat te samadhigacchanti yasya te tasya tat dhanam

57. O King, there are indeed three who are without property: the wife, the slave, and the son. Whatever wealth they acquire belongs to the one whose dependents they are.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• अधना (adhanā) - having no independent right to property (without wealth, penniless, poor)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife, she who is to be supported

• दासः (dāsaḥ) - servant, slave

• तथा (tathā) - and, thus, so, in the same way

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, offspring

• यत् (yat) - whatever property (whatever, which, that (relative pronoun))

• ते (te) - referring to the wife, slave, and son (they)

• समधिगच्छन्ति (samadhigacchanti) - they acquire, they obtain, they reach

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• ते (te) - referring to wife, slave, and son (as dependents) (they)

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• तत् (tat) - that wealth (that, it)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, riches

Words meanings and morphology

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of traya

traya - three

Note: Refers to 'bhāryā', 'dāsaḥ', 'sutaḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

अधना (adhanā) - having no independent right to property (without wealth, penniless, poor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhana

adhana - without property, penniless, poor

'a' (negation) + 'dhana' (wealth).

Compound type : nair tatpuruṣa (a+dhana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dhana – wealth, property, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'trayaḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife, she who is to be supported

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, a woman who is maintained, one to be supported

Gerundive

Feminine form of gerundive of root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, maintain).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

दासः (dāsaḥ) - servant, slave

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāsa

dāsa - servant, slave, attendant

तथा (tathā) - and, thus, so, in the same way

(indeclinable)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sū' (to beget, produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

यत् (yat) - whatever property (whatever, which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Acts as the object of 'samadhigacchanti'.

ते (te) - referring to the wife, slave, and son (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'samadhigacchanti'.

समधिगच्छन्ति (samadhigacchanti) - they acquire, they obtain, they reach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of samadhigam

Present Active

Root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'sam' and 'adhi'. 3rd person plural.

Prefixes: sam+adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the master/husband/father.

ते (te) - referring to wife, slave, and son (as dependents) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of an implied 'asti' or 'bhavanti' (are).

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Correlates with 'yasya'.

तत् (tat) - that wealth (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, riches

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, money

From root 'dhā' (to place, hold, possess).

Root: dhā (class 3)