महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-46

एकमेवाद्वितीयं तद्यद्राजन्नावबुध्यसे ।
सत्यं स्वर्गस्य सोपानं पारावारस्य नौरिव ॥४६॥

46. ekamevādvitīyaṁ tadyadrājannāvabudhyase ,
satyaṁ svargasya sopānaṁ pārāvārasya nauriva.

46. ekam eva advitīyam tat yat rājan na avabudhyase
satyam svargasya sopānam pārāvārasya nauḥ iva

46. That which is indeed one and without a second (ekam evādvitiyam), O King, you do not comprehend. Truth (satya) is like a staircase to heaven, and like a boat for traversing the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• अद्वितीयम् (advitīyam) - without a second, non-dual, unique

• तत् (tat) - that

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• राजन् (rājan) - O King, King

• न (na) - not, no

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive, you comprehend

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - of heaven, pertaining to heaven

• सोपानम् (sopānam) - staircase, ladder, steps

• पारावारस्य (pārāvārasya) - for traversing the ocean (of the ocean, of the far and near shore)

• नौः (nauḥ) - boat, ship

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

Words meanings and morphology

एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

Note: Refers to the singular ultimate reality.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अद्वितीयम् (advitīyam) - without a second, non-dual, unique

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of advitīya

advitīya - without a second, unique

Compound of a (not) and dvitīya (second).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dvitīya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• dvitīya – second
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Part of the Upaniṣadic phrase 'ekam evādvitiyam'.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to the supreme reality.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun.

राजन् (rājan) - O King, King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive, you comprehend

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ava-budh

From root budh with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: From budh (1st class, atmanepada).

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality

Root: as (class 2)

स्वर्गस्य (svargasya) - of heaven, pertaining to heaven

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise

सोपानम् (sopānam) - staircase, ladder, steps

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sopāna

sopāna - staircase, steps

पारावारस्य (pārāvārasya) - for traversing the ocean (of the ocean, of the far and near shore)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārāvāra

pārāvāra - shore and opposite shore, ocean

Compound of pāra (far shore) and avāra (near shore).

Compound type : dvandva (pāra+avāra)

• pāra – far shore, opposite bank
  noun (neuter)
• avāra – near shore, this bank
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used idiomatically for 'ocean' or 'crossing'.

नौः (nauḥ) - boat, ship

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.