महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-38

अशिष्यं शास्ति यो राजन्यश्च शून्यमुपासते ।
कदर्यं भजते यश्च तमाहुर्मूढचेतसम् ॥३८॥

38. aśiṣyaṁ śāsti yo rājanyaśca śūnyamupāsate ,
kadaryaṁ bhajate yaśca tamāhurmūḍhacetasam.

38. aśiṣyam śāsti yaḥ rājan yaḥ ca śūnyam upāsate
kadaryam bhajate yaḥ ca tam āhuḥ mūḍhacetasam

38. O king (rājan), he who instructs the untrainable, who associates with worthlessness, and who attends upon a mean person – people call him foolish-minded (mūḍhacetas).

Words meanings summery:

• अशिष्यम् (aśiṣyam) - one who is untrainable (untrainable, not a disciple, one not to be taught)

• शास्ति (śāsti) - instructs (instructs, governs, rules)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - worthlessness, empty things or people (emptiness, void, worthless person/thing)

• उपासते (upāsate) - associates with, resorts to (worships, serves, attends upon, associates with)

• कदर्यम् (kadaryam) - a mean person (a miser, mean person, vile thing)

• भजते (bhajate) - attends upon, serves (serves, worships, frequents, resorts to)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तम् (tam) - him (the one described) (him, that)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - people call (him) (they say, they call)

• मूढचेतसम् (mūḍhacetasam) - foolish-minded, dull-witted

Words meanings and morphology

अशिष्यम् (aśiṣyam) - one who is untrainable (untrainable, not a disciple, one not to be taught)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśiṣya

aśiṣya - not a pupil, not to be taught, untrainable

Gerundive

From √śās (to teach, instruct) with negative prefix a-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śiṣya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• śiṣya – to be taught, disciple, pupil
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from √śās (to teach, instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of `śāsti`.

शास्ति (śāsti) - instructs (instructs, governs, rules)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śās

Root: śās (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - worthlessness, empty things or people (emptiness, void, worthless person/thing)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, vacant, worthless, nihil

Here used as a noun in neuter.

Root: śū (class 5)

Note: Object of `upāsate`.

उपासते (upāsate) - associates with, resorts to (worships, serves, attends upon, associates with)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

कदर्यम् (kadaryam) - a mean person (a miser, mean person, vile thing)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kadarya

kadarya - miserable, stingy, mean, vile, a miser, a wretch

Often used as a noun.

Note: Object of `bhajate`.

भजते (bhajate) - attends upon, serves (serves, worships, frequents, resorts to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhaj

Root: bhaj (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (the one described) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `āhuḥ`.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - people call (him) (they say, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lit) of ah

Irregular verb forms.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense used as present indicative (historical present or general statement).

मूढचेतसम् (mūḍhacetasam) - foolish-minded, dull-witted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mūḍhacetas

mūḍhacetas - foolish-minded, dull-witted, ignorant in intellect

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mūḍha+cetas)

• mūḍha – foolish, bewildered, ignorant
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √muh (to be confused, bewildered).
  Root: muh (class 4)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate accusative to `tam`.