महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-88

प्राप्यापदं न व्यथते कदाचिदुद्योगमन्विच्छति चाप्रमत्तः ।
दुःखं च काले सहते जितात्मा धुरंधरस्तस्य जिताः सपत्नाः ॥८८॥

88. prāpyāpadaṁ na vyathate kadāci;dudyogamanvicchati cāpramattaḥ ,
duḥkhaṁ ca kāle sahate jitātmā; dhuraṁdharastasya jitāḥ sapatnāḥ.

88. prāpya āpadam na vyathate kadācit
udyogam anvicchati ca apramattaḥ
duḥkham ca kāle sahate jita ātmā
dhuraṃdharaḥ tasya jitāḥ sapatnāḥ

88. The person who, having faced adversity, is never distressed, and vigilantly applies effort; who, with a controlled self (ātman), endures suffering at the appropriate time – such a steadfast leader has his enemies conquered.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having faced, having encountered (having obtained, having reached, having met)

• आपदम् (āpadam) - adversity (calamity, misfortune, adversity)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• व्यथते (vyathate) - is distressed, is troubled, is agitated

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - ever, at any time (ever, at any time, sometimes, perhaps)

• उद्योगं (udyogaṁ) - effort, endeavor (effort, exertion, endeavor, enterprise)

• अन्विच्छति (anvicchati) - seeks, applies (seeks, desires, searches for)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, not negligent (vigilant, attentive, not negligent, careful)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, sorrow, misery)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• काले (kāle) - at the time, in season, at the right moment

• सहते (sahate) - endures, bears (endures, bears, tolerates, is able)

• जित (jita) - controlled, subdued (conquered, subdued, won)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - self, mind, individual (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman))

• धुरंधरः (dhuraṁdharaḥ) - steadfast leader, champion (bearer of burden, leader, chief, champion, steadfast)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that (demonstrative/relative pronoun))

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, overcome (conquered, subdued, won)

• सपत्नाः (sapatnāḥ) - enemies (enemies, rivals, adversaries)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having faced, having encountered (having obtained, having reached, having met)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From prefix pra + root āp (to obtain) with suffix ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

आपदम् (āpadam) - adversity (calamity, misfortune, adversity)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, danger

From prefix ā + root pad (to go, fall).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of prāpya.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

व्यथते (vyathate) - is distressed, is troubled, is agitated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vyath

Root verb.

Root: vyath (class 1)

कदाचित् (kadācit) - ever, at any time (ever, at any time, sometimes, perhaps)

(indeclinable)

Formed from kadā (when) + cid (particle indicating indefiniteness).

Note: Used with na to mean "never".

उद्योगं (udyogaṁ) - effort, endeavor (effort, exertion, endeavor, enterprise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udyoga

udyoga - effort, exertion, endeavor, diligence, enterprise

From prefix ud + root yuj (to join, apply).

Prefix: ud

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Object of anvicchati.

अन्विच्छति (anvicchati) - seeks, applies (seeks, desires, searches for)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anveṣ

From prefix anu + root iṣ (to seek), with iṣ becoming iccha in present tense.

Prefix: anu

Root: iṣ (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, not negligent (vigilant, attentive, not negligent, careful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - vigilant, attentive, not negligent, careful

Past Passive Participle (negated)

From a- (negation) + pramatta (negligent, careless), which is PPP of pra-mad.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• pramatta – negligent, careless, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix pra + root mad (to be intoxicated, negligent)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, sorrow, misery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery, difficulty

Note: Object of sahate.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

काले (kāle) - at the time, in season, at the right moment

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, appropriate time

सहते (sahate) - endures, bears (endures, bears, tolerates, is able)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of sah

Root verb.

Root: sah (class 1)

जित (jita) - controlled, subdued (conquered, subdued, won)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, subdued, won, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer, win) with suffix kta.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Part of compound jitātmā.

आत्मा (ātmā) - self, mind, individual (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, breath, mind (ātman)

Note: Part of compound jitātmā. The full compound is Bahuvrīhi: jita-ātman (one whose self is conquered).

धुरंधरः (dhuraṁdharaḥ) - steadfast leader, champion (bearer of burden, leader, chief, champion, steadfast)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhuraṃdhara

dhuraṁdhara - bearer of a burden, leader, chief, steadfast, firm

Compound of dhur (burden, yoke) + dhara (bearer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhur+dhara)

• dhur – burden, yoke, front, chief part
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – bearing, holding, supporting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dhṛ (to bear, hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the final clause.

तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that (demonstrative/relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to dhuraṃdharaḥ.

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, overcome (conquered, subdued, won)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, subdued, won, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer, win) with suffix kta.

Root: ji (class 1)

सपत्नाः (sapatnāḥ) - enemies (enemies, rivals, adversaries)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - enemy, rival, adversary, co-wife

From sa (with) + patnī (wife). Historically, co-wife led to 'rival'.

Note: Subject.