महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-73

सप्त दोषाः सदा राज्ञा हातव्या व्यसनोदयाः ।
प्रायशो यैर्विनश्यन्ति कृतमूलाश्च पार्थिवाः ॥७३॥

73. sapta doṣāḥ sadā rājñā hātavyā vyasanodayāḥ ,
prāyaśo yairvinaśyanti kṛtamūlāśca pārthivāḥ.

73. sapta doṣāḥ sadā rājñā hātavyāḥ vyasanodayāḥ
prāyaśaḥ yaiḥ vinaśyanti kṛtamūlāḥ ca pārthivāḥ

73. Seven faults, which lead to addiction (vyasana), should always be avoided by a king. Often, by these faults, even well-established rulers (pārthiva) perish.

Words meanings summery:

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects, vices

• सदा (sadā) - always, perpetually, constantly

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king

• हातव्याः (hātavyāḥ) - to be abandoned, to be given up, to be avoided

• व्यसनोदयाः (vyasanodayāḥ) - sources of misfortune, leading to addiction

• प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, often, generally

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which faults (by which, by whom)

• विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - they perish, they are destroyed

• कृतमूलाः (kṛtamūlāḥ) - well-established, firmly rooted

• च (ca) - and, also

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers, earthly rulers

Words meanings and morphology

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'doṣāḥ'.

दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects, vices

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin

From root duṣ (to be bad, corrupt).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

सदा (sadā) - always, perpetually, constantly

(indeclinable)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

हातव्याः (hātavyāḥ) - to be abandoned, to be given up, to be avoided

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hātavya

hātavya - to be abandoned, to be left, to be given up

Gerundive

From root hā (to abandon, leave) with suffix -tavya.

Root: hā (class 3)

व्यसनोदयाः (vyasanodayāḥ) - sources of misfortune, leading to addiction

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyasanodaya

vyasanodaya - rise of misfortune, origin of addiction

Compound type : tatpurusha (vyasana+udaya)

• vyasana – misfortune, calamity, addiction, vice
  noun (neuter)
  From prefix vi- and root as (to throw).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: as (class 4)
• udaya – rise, origin, prosperity, source
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix ud- and root i (to go).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'doṣāḥ'.

प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, often, generally

(indeclinable)

Derived from prāya (abundance) with adverbial suffix -śaḥ.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which faults (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to 'doṣāḥ' (faults).

विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - they perish, they are destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vinaś

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

कृतमूलाः (kṛtamūlāḥ) - well-established, firmly rooted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtamūla

kṛtamūla - firmly rooted, well-established

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+mūla)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• mūla – root, foundation, origin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthivāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers, earthly rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).