महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-31

स्वमर्थं यः परित्यज्य परार्थमनुतिष्ठति ।
मिथ्या चरति मित्रार्थे यश्च मूढः स उच्यते ॥३१॥

31. svamarthaṁ yaḥ parityajya parārthamanutiṣṭhati ,
mithyā carati mitrārthe yaśca mūḍhaḥ sa ucyate.

31. svam artham yaḥ parityajya parārtham anutiṣṭhati
mithyā carati mitrārthe yaḥ ca mūḍhaḥ saḥ ucyate

31. He who abandons his own interest to pursue the interest of others, and who acts wrongly for the sake of a friend—such a person is called a fool.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वम् (svam) - one's own, self

• अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, object, interest, welfare

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having given up

• परार्थम् (parārtham) - another's purpose/interest, the welfare of others

• अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - he performs, he attends to, he follows

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, deceitfully, in vain

• चरति (carati) - he acts, he behaves, he wanders

• मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, bewildered, ignorant person

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• उच्यते (ucyate) - he is called, he is said

Words meanings and morphology

स्वम् (svam) - one's own, self

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self

अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, object, interest, welfare

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, object, interest, meaning, wealth

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root tyaj with prefix pari and suffix ya.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

परार्थम् (parārtham) - another's purpose/interest, the welfare of others

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parārtha

parārtha - another's purpose, welfare of others, altruism

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+artha)

• para – other, another, supreme
  adjective
• artha – purpose, object, interest, meaning, welfare
  noun (masculine)

अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - he performs, he attends to, he follows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anutiṣṭhati

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, deceitfully, in vain

(indeclinable)

चरति (carati) - he acts, he behaves, he wanders

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of carati

Root: car (class 1)

मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mitrārtha

mitrārtha - for the sake of a friend, for a friend's purpose

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+artha)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, object, interest, sake
  noun (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, bewildered, ignorant person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, bewildered, ignorant, stupid

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, to err) + kta suffix.

Root: muh (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उच्यते (ucyate) - he is called, he is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of ucyate

Passive voice of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)