महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-55

त्रयो न्याया मनुष्याणां श्रूयन्ते भरतर्षभ ।
कनीयान्मध्यमः श्रेष्ठ इति वेदविदो विदुः ॥५५॥

55. trayo nyāyā manuṣyāṇāṁ śrūyante bharatarṣabha ,
kanīyānmadhyamaḥ śreṣṭha iti vedavido viduḥ.

55. trayaḥ nyāyāḥ manuṣyāṇām śrūyante bharatarṣabha
kanīyān madhyamaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ iti vedavidaḥ viduḥ

55. O best among the Bharatas, three categories of people are spoken of among human beings: the inferior, the mediocre, and the superior. This is what the knowers of the Vedas understand.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• न्यायाः (nyāyāḥ) - categories of people (rules, principles, systems, forms of justice, categories)

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men, among men, belonging to humans

• श्रूयन्ते (śrūyante) - are heard, are spoken of, are known

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address to a prominent descendant of Bharata. (O best of Bharatas, O foremost of the Bharata lineage)

• कनीयान् (kanīyān) - inferior, younger, lowest

• मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - middle, mediocre, intermediate

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, superior, excellent

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - knowers of the Vedas, those who understand the sacred texts

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of traya

traya - three

न्यायाः (nyāyāḥ) - categories of people (rules, principles, systems, forms of justice, categories)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nyāya

nyāya - rule, method, system, form of justice, logic, category, principle

Derived from root 'ni-i' (to go into, to enter).

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of men, among men, belonging to humans

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

From 'manu' (man) + 'ṣya' (suffix).

श्रूयन्ते (śrūyante) - are heard, are spoken of, are known

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of śru

Present Middle

Present passive form, 3rd person plural.

Root: śru (class 5)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address to a prominent descendant of Bharata. (O best of Bharatas, O foremost of the Bharata lineage)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, chief of Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – Bharata (name of a king, founder of a dynasty), India
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

कनीयान् (kanīyān) - inferior, younger, lowest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kanīyas

kanīyas - younger, very young, inferior, lowest

Comparative/superlative form of 'kana' (young).

मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - middle, mediocre, intermediate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, mediocre, average

From 'madhya' (middle).

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, superior, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, superior

Superlative form of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy).

Root: pra-śas

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - knowers of the Vedas, those who understand the sacred texts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vedavid

vedavid - knowing the Vedas, knower of the Vedas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vid)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge, sacred text
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vid' (to know) as an agent noun.
  Root: vid (class 2)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vid

Perfect Active

Root 'vid', 3rd person plural, perfect tense.

Root: vid (class 2)