महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-50

द्वे कर्मणी नरः कुर्वन्नस्मिँल्लोके विरोचते ।
अब्रुवन्परुषं किंचिदसतो नार्थयंस्तथा ॥५०॥

50. dve karmaṇī naraḥ kurvannasmiँlloke virocate ,
abruvanparuṣaṁ kiṁcidasato nārthayaṁstathā.

50. dve karmaṇī naraḥ kurvan asmin loke virocate
abruvan paruṣam kiṃcit asataḥ na arthayan tathā

50. A man shines in this world by performing two actions (karmaṇī): by not speaking anything harsh, and by not asking anything from the wicked.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वे (dve) - two

• कर्मणी (karmaṇī) - specific actions mentioned in the verse (actions, deeds)

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, human being

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, acting

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• विरोचते (virocate) - shines, prospers, is eminent

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - not speaking, not saying, silent

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh (word) (harsh, rough, cruel)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything, something, a little

• असतः (asataḥ) - from the wicked (person) (from the wicked, from the non-existent)

• न (na) - not, no

• अर्थयन् (arthayan) - requesting, asking, desiring

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that way

Words meanings and morphology

द्वे (dve) - two

(numeral)

कर्मणी (karmaṇī) - specific actions mentioned in the verse (actions, deeds)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual (karma)

Note: Object of 'kurvan'

नरः (naraḥ) - man, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, acting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform

Present Active Participle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

विरोचते (virocate) - shines, prospers, is eminent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of virocate

Prefix: vi

Root: ruc (class 1)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - not speaking, not saying, silent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abruvat

abruvat - not speaking, silent

Present Active Participle (negated)

Compound of negative particle 'a' and bruvat (Present Active Participle of √brū)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bruvat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• bruvat – speaking, saying
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh (word) (harsh, rough, cruel)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind, rigid

Note: Acts adverbially or as object of 'abruvan' (implying 'harsh word')

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything, something, a little

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'kim' (what) and 'cit' (a particle)

असतः (asataḥ) - from the wicked (person) (from the wicked, from the non-existent)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, wicked

Present Active Participle (negated)

Compound of negative particle 'a' and sat (Present Active Participle of √as 'to be')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sat – being, existing, good, virtuous
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun, meaning 'from the wicked person'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अर्थयन् (arthayan) - requesting, asking, desiring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthayat

arth - to request, to ask for, to desire, to seek profit

Present Active Participle

Derived from denominative verb √arth (from artha 'purpose, wealth')

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that way

(indeclinable)