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मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्       mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-35

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मदालसोवाच ।
अतः परं शृणुष्व त्वं वर्ज्यावर्ज्यप्रतिक्रियाम् ।
भोज्यमन्नं पर्युषितं स्नेहाक्तं चिरसंभृतम् ॥१॥
1. madālasovāca .
ataḥ paraṃ śṛṇuṣva tvaṃ varjyāvarjyapratikriyām .
bhojyamannaṃ paryuṣitaṃ snehāktaṃ cirasaṃbhṛtam.
1. madālasā uvāca ataḥ param śṛṇuṣva tvam varjyāvarjyapratikriyām
bhojyam annam paryuṣitam snehāktam cirasaṃbhṛtam
1. Madālasā said: Now, listen further concerning the guidelines for what is to be avoided and what is to be consumed. Food that is stale, mixed with fat, and stored for a long time [is generally to be avoided].
अस्नेहाश्चापि गोधूमयवगोरसविक्रियाः ।
शशकः कच्छपो गोधा श्वावित् खड्गोऽथ पुत्रक ॥२॥
2. asnehāścāpi godhūmayavagorasavikriyāḥ .
śaśakaḥ kacchapo godhā śvāvit khaḍgo'tha putraka.
2. asnehāḥ ca api godhūmayavagorasavikriyāḥ śaśakaḥ
kacchapaḥ godhā śvāvit khaḍgaḥ atha putraka
2. And also, preparations from wheat, barley, and milk products that are without fat [are to be consumed]. Hare, tortoise, iguana, porcupine, and rhinoceros, O son,
भक्ष्या ह्येते तथा वर्ज्यौ ग्रामशूकरकुक्कुटौ ।
पितृदेवादिशेषश्च श्राद्धे ब्राह्मणकाम्यया ॥३॥
3. bhakṣyā hyete tathā varjyau grāmaśūkarakukkuṭau .
pitṛdevādiśeṣaśca śrāddhe brāhmaṇakāmyayā.
3. bhakṣyāḥ hi ete tathā varjyau grāmaśūkarakukkuṭau
pitṛdevādiśeṣaḥ ca śrāddhe brāhmaṇakāmyayā
3. These (animals mentioned previously) are indeed consumable, while the village pig and domestic fowl are to be avoided. Also, the remnants of offerings to ancestors (pitṛ) and deities (deva), consumed at a śrāddha ceremony, are to be taken according to the desire of Brahmins.
प्रोक्षितञ्चौषधार्थञ्च खादन्मांसं न दुष्यति ।
शङ्खाश्मस्वर्णरूप्याणां रज्जूनामथ वाससाम् ॥४॥
4. prokṣitañcauṣadhārthañca khādanmāṃsaṃ na duṣyati .
śaṅkhāśmasvarṇarūpyāṇāṃ rajjūnāmatha vāsasām.
4. prokṣitam ca auṣadhārtham ca khādan māṃsam na
duṣyati śaṅkhāśmasvarṇarūpyāṇām rajjūnām atha vāsasām
4. One who consumes meat that has been consecrated and is intended for medicinal purposes does not incur defilement. (Regarding purification,) of conch shells, stones, gold, silver, ropes, and clothes,
शाकमूलफलानाञ्च तथा विदलचर्मणाम् ।
मणिवज्रप्रवालानान्तथा मुक्ताफलस्य च ॥५॥
5. śākamūlaphalānāñca tathā vidalacarmaṇām .
maṇivajrapravālānāntathā muktāphalasya ca.
5. śākamūlaphalānām ca tathā vidalacarmaṇām
maṇivajrapravālānām tathā muktāphalasya ca
5. and of vegetables, roots, and fruits, and similarly of split pulses and leathers; and of gems, diamonds, corals, and also of pearls,
गात्राणाञ्च मनुष्याणामम्बुना शौचमिष्यते ।
यथायसानां तोयेन ग्राव्णः सङ्घर्षणेन च ॥६॥
6. gātrāṇāñca manuṣyāṇāmambunā śaucamiṣyate .
yathāyasānāṃ toyena grāvṇaḥ saṅgharṣaṇena ca.
6. gātrāṇām ca manuṣyāṇām ambunā śaucam iṣyate
yathā ayasānām toyena grāvṇaḥ saṅgharṣaṇena ca
6. (For these various items and) for human bodies, purification is prescribed by water. Just as for metals, purification is by water and by rubbing with a stone.
सस्त्रेहानाञ्च भाण्डानां शुद्धिरुष्णेन वारिणा ।
शूर्पधान्याजिनानाञ्च मुषलोलूखलस्य च ॥७॥
7. sastrehānāñca bhāṇḍānāṃ śuddhiruṣṇena vāriṇā .
śūrpadhānyājinānāñca muṣalolūkhalasya ca.
7. sastrehāṇām ca bhāṇḍānām śuddhiḥ uṣṇena vāriṇā
śūrpadhānyājinānām ca muṣalolūkhalasya ca
7. And for greasy vessels, purification is by hot water. (Similarly, the purification of) winnowing baskets, grains, and hides; and of the pestle and mortar (is also prescribed).
संहतानाञ्च वस्त्राणां प्रोक्षणात् सञ्चयस्य च ।
वल्कलानामशेषाणामम्बुमृच्छौचमिष्यते ॥८॥
8. saṃhatānāñca vastrāṇāṃ prokṣaṇāt sañcayasya ca .
valkalānāmaśeṣāṇāmambumṛcchaucamiṣyate.
8. saṃhatānām ca vastrāṇām prokṣaṇāt sañcayasya
ca valkalānām aśeṣāṇām ambu mṛt śaucam iṣyate
8. For piled-up garments and collections of them, as well as for all bark-garments, purification by sprinkling with water and earth is prescribed.
तृणकाष्ठौषधीनाञ्च प्रोक्षणात् शुद्धिरिष्यते ।
आविकानां समस्तानां केशानाञ्चापि मेध्यता ॥९॥
9. tṛṇakāṣṭhauṣadhīnāñca prokṣaṇāt śuddhiriṣyate .
āvikānāṃ samastānāṃ keśānāñcāpi medhyatā.
9. tṛṇakāṣṭhauṣadhīnām ca prokṣaṇāt śuddhiḥ iṣyate
āvikānām samastānām keśānām ca api medhyatā
9. Purification by sprinkling is prescribed for grass, wood, and medicinal plants. Moreover, all wool from sheep and hair are considered pure.
सिद्धार्थकानां कल्केन तिलकल्केन वा पुनः ।
साम्बुना तात भवति उपघातवतां सदा ॥१०॥
10. siddhārthakānāṃ kalkena tilakalkena vā punaḥ .
sāmbunā tāta bhavati upaghātavatāṃ sadā.
10. siddharthakānām kalkena tilakalkena vā punaḥ
sāmbunā tāta bhavati upaghātavatām sadā
10. Dear father, the purification of defiled things is always accomplished with water and a paste of white mustard seeds or a sesame paste.
तथा कार्पासिकानाञ्च विशुद्धिर्जलभस्मना ।
दारुदन्तास्थिशृङ्गाणां तक्षणाच्छुद्धिरिष्यते ॥११॥
11. tathā kārpāsikānāñca viśuddhirjalabhasmanā .
dārudantāsthiśṛṅgāṇāṃ takṣaṇācchuddhiriṣyate.
11. tathā kārpāsikānām ca viśuddhiḥ jalabhasmanā
dārudantāsthiśṛṅgāṇām takṣaṇāt śuddhiḥ iṣyate
11. Similarly, for cotton products, purification is achieved with water and ashes. For wood, ivory, bone, and horns, purification is prescribed by scraping.
पुनः पाकेन भाण्डानां पार्थिवानाञ्च मेध्यता ।
शुचिर्भैक्षं कारुहस्तः पण्यं योषिन्मुखं तथा ॥१२॥
12. punaḥ pākena bhāṇḍānāṃ pārthivānāñca medhyatā .
śucirbhaikṣaṃ kāruhastaḥ paṇyaṃ yoṣinmukhaṃ tathā.
12. punaḥ pākena bhāṇḍānām pārthivānām ca medhyatā
śuciḥ bhaikṣam kāruhastaḥ paṇyam yoṣinmukham tathā
12. Furthermore, the purification of earthen vessels is achieved by firing. Similarly, alms, an artisan's hand, merchandise, and a woman's mouth are considered pure.
रथ्यागतमविज्ञातं दासवर्गादिनाहृतम् ।
वाक्रप्रशास्तं चिरातीतमनेकान्तरितं लघु ॥१३॥
13. rathyāgatamavijñātaṃ dāsavargādināhṛtam .
vākrapraśāstaṃ cirātītamanekāntaritaṃ laghu.
13. rathyāgatam avijñātam dāsavargādināhṛtam
vākpraśāstam cirātītam anekāntaritam laghu
13. That which has come from the road, that which is unknown, that which is brought by servants and the like, that which is declared pure by speech, that which has passed a long time, that which is separated by many intervals, and that which is light (are considered pure).
अतिप्रभूतं बालञ्च वृद्धातुरविचेष्टितम् ।
कर्मान्ताङ्गाराशालाश्च स्तनन्धयसुताः स्त्रियः ॥१४॥
14. atiprabhūtaṃ bālañca vṛddhāturaviceṣṭitam .
karmāntāṅgārāśālāśca stanandhayasutāḥ striyaḥ.
14. atiprabhūtam bālam ca vṛddhāturaviceṣṭitam
karmāntāṅgāraśālāḥ ca stanandhayasutāḥ striyaḥ
14. That which is very abundant, a child, the activities of the old and sick, workplaces, charcoal sheds, suckling children, and women (are considered pure).
शुचिन्यश्च तथैवापः स्त्रन्त्योऽगन्धबुद्बुदाः ।
भूमिर्विशुध्यते कालाद्दाहमार्जनगोक्रमैः ॥१५॥
15. śucinyaśca tathaivāpaḥ strantyo'gandhabudbudāḥ .
bhūmirviśudhyate kālāddāhamārjanagokramaiḥ.
15. śucinyaḥ ca tathā eva āpaḥ strantyaḥ agandhabudbudāḥ
bhūmiḥ viśudhyate kālāt dāhamārjanagokramaiḥ
15. And similarly, waters that are flowing and without smell or bubbles are pure. The earth is purified by time, by burning, by sweeping, and by the treading of cows.
लेपादुल्लेखनात् सेकाद्वेश्मसंमार्जनार्चनात् ।
केशकीटावपन्ने च गोघ्राते मक्षिकान्विते ॥१६॥
16. lepādullekhanāt sekādveśmasaṃmārjanārcanāt .
keśakīṭāvapanne ca goghrāte makṣikānvite.
16. lepāt ullekhanāt sekāt veśmasammārjanārcanāt
keśakīṭa avapanne ca goghrāte makṣikā anvite
16. A dwelling (veśman) is purified by plastering, scraping, sprinkling, sweeping, and worshipping. Similarly, purification is needed when hair or insects have fallen into something, when it has been sniffed by a cow, or when it is covered with flies.
मृदम्बुभस्मना तात प्रोक्षितव्यं विशुद्धये ।
औदुम्बराणामम्लेन क्षारेण त्रपुसीसयोः ॥१७॥
17. mṛdambubhasmanā tāta prokṣitavyaṃ viśuddhaye .
audumbarāṇāmamlena kṣāreṇa trapusīsayoḥ.
17. mṛdambubhasmanā tāta prokṣitavyam viśuddhaye
audumbarāṇām amlena kṣāreṇa trapusīsayoḥ
17. Dear one, for purification, [it] should be sprinkled with earth, water, and ashes. For articles made of fig wood, [purification is done] with sour liquids; for tin and lead, with alkali.
भस्माम्बुभिश्च कांस्यानां शुद्धिः प्लावाद् द्रवस्य च ।
अमेध्याक्तस्य मृत्तोयैर्गन्धापहरणेन च ॥१८॥
18. bhasmāmbubhiśca kāṃsyānāṃ śuddhiḥ plāvād dravasya ca .
amedhyāktasya mṛttoyairgandhāpaharaṇena ca.
18. bhasmāmbubhiḥ ca kāṃsyānām śuddhiḥ plāvāt dravasya
ca amedhyāktasya mṛttoyaiḥ gandhāpaharaṇena ca
18. And for bronze (kāṃsya) vessels, purification is achieved with ashes and water. For liquids, purification comes from immersion (plāva). Moreover, for anything stained with impurity, purification is [achieved] with earth and water, and by the removal of its smell.
अन्येषाञ्चैव तद्द्रव्यैर्वर्णगन्धापहारतः ।
शुचि गोतृप्तिकृत्तोयं प्रकृतिस्थं महीगतम् ॥१९॥
19. anyeṣāñcaiva taddravyairvarṇagandhāpahārataḥ .
śuci gotṛptikṛttoyaṃ prakṛtisthaṃ mahīgatam.
19. anyeṣām ca eva tat dravyaiḥ varṇagandhāpahārataḥ
śuci gotṛptikṛt toyam prakṛtistham mahīgatam
19. And for other objects, purification is achieved using their respective materials and by removing their color and smell. Water that is naturally present on earth and satisfies cows is considered pure.
तथा मांसञ्च चण्डालक्राव्यादादिनिपातितम् ।
रथ्यागतञ्च चेलादि तात वातात् शुचि स्मृतम् ॥२०॥
20. tathā māṃsañca caṇḍālakrāvyādādinipātitam .
rathyāgatañca celādi tāta vātāt śuci smṛtam.
20. tathā māṃsam ca caṇḍālakrāvayādādinipātitam
rathyāgatam ca cela-ādi tāta vātāt śuci smṛtam
20. Likewise, O dear one (tāta), meat that has been killed by an outcaste (caṇḍāla), a scavenger, or similar creatures, and also clothes, etc., found on the road, are declared pure if purified by wind.
रजोऽग्निरश्वो गौश्छाया रश्मयः पवनो मही ।
विप्रुषो मक्षिकाद्याश्च दुष्टसङ्गाददोषिणः ॥२१॥
21. rajo'gniraśvo gauśchāyā raśmayaḥ pavano mahī .
vipruṣo makṣikādyāśca duṣṭasaṅgādadoṣiṇaḥ.
21. rajaḥ agniḥ aśvaḥ gauḥ chāyā raśmayaḥ pavanaḥ mahī
vipruṣaḥ makṣikā-ādyāḥ ca duṣṭasaṅgāt adoṣiṇaḥ
21. Dust, fire, a horse (aśva), a cow (go), a shadow, sunbeams, wind, the earth (mahī), drops of water, and flies (makṣikā) etc. are not defiled by contact with the impure.
अजाश्वौ मुखतो मेध्यौ न गोर्वत्सस्य चाननम् ।
मातुः प्रस्त्रवणं मेध्यं शकुनिः फलपातने ॥२२॥
22. ajāśvau mukhato medhyau na gorvatsasya cānanam .
mātuḥ prastravaṇaṃ medhyaṃ śakuniḥ phalapātane.
22. ajā-aśvau mukhataḥ medhyau na goḥ vatsasya ca ānanam
mātuḥ prasravaṇam medhyam śakuniḥ phalapātane
22. The mouths of a goat (ajā) and a horse (aśva) are considered pure, but not the mouth of a cow (go) or a calf. A mother's breast milk (prasravaṇa) is pure. A bird (śakuni) is pure when causing fruit to fall.
आसनं शयनं यानं नावः पथि तृणानि च ।
सोमसूर्यांशुपवनैः शुध्यन्ते तानि पण्यवत् ॥२३॥
23. āsanaṃ śayanaṃ yānaṃ nāvaḥ pathi tṛṇāni ca .
somasūryāṃśupavanaiḥ śudhyante tāni paṇyavat.
23. āsanam śayanam yānam nāvaḥ pathi tṛṇāni ca
somasūryāṃśupavanaiḥ śudhyante tāni paṇyavat
23. A seat, a bed, a vehicle, boats, and grass on the road – these are purified by the rays of the moon and sun and by wind, just like merchandise.
रथ्यावसर्पण-स्त्रान-क्षुत्पान-म्लानकर्मसु ।
आचामेत यथान्यायं वासो विपरिधाय च ॥२४॥
24. rathyāvasarpaṇa-strāna-kṣutpāna-mlānakarmasu .
ācāmeta yathānyāyaṃ vāso viparidhāya ca.
24. rathyāvasarpaṇa-snāna-kṣutpāna-mlānakarmasu
ācāmeta yathānyāyam vāsaḥ viparidhāya ca
24. After traversing a public road, bathing, drinking, or performing actions that cause impurity, one should perform the ritual sipping of water (ācamana) properly, and also after changing clothes.
स्पृष्टानामप्यसंसर्गैर्विरथ्याकर्दमाम्भसाम् ।
पक्वेष्टरचितानाञ्च मेध्यता वायुसङ्गमात् ॥२५॥
25. spṛṣṭānāmapyasaṃsargairvirathyākardamāmbhasām .
pakveṣṭaracitānāñca medhyatā vāyusaṅgamāt.
25. spṛṣṭānām api asaṃsargaiḥ virathyākardamāmbhasām
pakveṣṭaracitānām ca medhyatā vāyusaṅgamāt
25. Even for things that have been touched, provided the contact was not deeply contaminating, such as waters from public roads and mud, and also those constructed of baked bricks, purity is achieved through contact with wind.
प्रभूतोपहतादन्नादग्रमुद्धृत्य सन्त्यजेत् ।
शेषस्य प्रोक्षणं कुर्यादाचम्यादिभस्तथा मृदा ॥२६॥
26. prabhūtopahatādannādagramuddhṛtya santyajet .
śeṣasya prokṣaṇaṃ kuryādācamyādibhastathā mṛdā.
26. prabhūtopahatāt annāt agram uddhṛtya santyajet
śeṣasya prokṣaṇam kuryāt ācamya ādibhiḥ tathā mṛdā
26. From food that has become significantly defiled, one should remove and discard the uppermost portion. For the remainder, one should perform the ritual sprinkling (with water), having first performed the ritual sipping of water (ācamana), and similarly purify it with earth and other (prescribed substances).
उपवासस्त्रिरात्रन्तु दुष्टभक्ताशिनो भवेत् ।
अज्ञाते ज्ञानपूर्वन्तु तद्दोषोपशमेन तु ॥२७॥
27. upavāsastrirātrantu duṣṭabhaktāśino bhavet .
ajñāte jñānapūrvantu taddoṣopaśamena tu.
27. upavāsaḥ trirātram tu duṣṭabhaktāśinaḥ bhavet
ajñāte jñānapūrvam tu tat-doṣopaśamena tu
27. For one who has consumed defiled food, a three-night fast is prescribed if done unknowingly. However, if it was done knowingly, then purification (is achieved) by specific penances for the alleviation of that particular fault.
उदक्याश्वशृगालादीन् सूतिकान्त्यावसायिनः ।
स्पृष्ट्वा स्नायीत शौचार्थं तथैव मृतहारिणः ॥२८॥
28. udakyāśvaśṛgālādīn sūtikāntyāvasāyinaḥ .
spṛṣṭvā snāyīta śaucārthaṃ tathaiva mṛtahāriṇaḥ.
28. udakyāśvaśṛgālādīn sūtikāntyāvasāyinaḥ spṛṣṭvā
snāyīta śaucārtham tathā eva mṛtahāriṇaḥ
28. One should bathe for the purpose of purification after touching menstruating women, horses, jackals, and similar beings, or women who have just given birth, outcasts, and similarly, those who carry corpses.
नारं स्पृष्ट्वास्थि सस्त्रेहं स्त्रातः शुध्यति मानवः ।
आचम्यैव तु निः स्त्रेहं गामालभ्यार्कमीक्ष्य वा ॥२९॥
29. nāraṃ spṛṣṭvāsthi sastrehaṃ strātaḥ śudhyati mānavaḥ .
ācamyaiva tu niḥ strehaṃ gāmālabhyārkamīkṣya vā.
29. nāram spṛṣṭvā asthi sastreham snātaḥ śudhyati mānavaḥ
ācamya eva tu niḥstreham gām ālabhya arkam īkṣya vā
29. A person who has touched a human bone that still has marrow (or fat) becomes purified by bathing. However, if the bone is without marrow, one becomes pure merely by sipping water, or by touching a cow, or by gazing at the sun.
न लङ्घयेत् तथैवासृक्ष्ठीवनोद्वर्तनानि च ।
नोद्यानादौ विकालेषु प्राज्ञस्तिष्ठेत् कदाचन ॥३०॥
30. na laṅghayet tathaivāsṛkṣṭhīvanodvartanāni ca .
nodyānādau vikāleṣu prājñastiṣṭhet kadācana.
30. na laṅghayet tathā eva asṛkṣṭhīvanodvartanāni ca
na udyānādau vikāleṣu prājñaḥ tiṣṭhet kadācana
30. One should not step over blood, spittle, or waste. Similarly, a wise person should never remain in gardens or similar places during inappropriate times.
न चालपेज्जनद्विष्टां वीरहीनान्तथा स्त्रियम् ।
गृहादुच्छिष्टविण्मूत्रपादाम्भांसि क्षिपेद्वहिः ॥३१॥
31. na cālapejjanadviṣṭāṃ vīrahīnāntathā striyam .
gṛhāducchiṣṭaviṇmūtrapādāmbhāṃsi kṣipedvahiḥ.
31. na ca ālapet janadviṣṭām vīrahīnām tathā striyam
gṛhāt ucchiṣṭaviṇmūtrapādāmbhāṃsi kṣipet bahiḥ
31. One should neither converse with a woman disliked by people nor with one who is without a husband. Furthermore, one should dispose of leftover food, feces, urine, and foot-washing water outside the house.
पञ्च पिण्डाननुधृत्य न स्त्रायात् परवारिणि ।
स्त्रायीत देवखातेषु गङ्गा-ह्रदृसरित्सु च ॥३२॥
32. pañca piṇḍānanudhṛtya na strāyāt paravāriṇi .
strāyīta devakhāteṣu gaṅgā-hradṛsaritsu ca.
32. pañca piṇḍān anudhr̥tya na strāyāt paravāriṇi
strāyāt devakhāteṣu gaṅgā-hrada-saritsu ca
32. One should not bathe in water belonging to others without first performing the five piṇḍa offerings. However, one may bathe in natural (divinely-dug) ponds, the Gaṅgā, lakes, and other rivers.
देवता-पितृ-सच्छास्त्र-यज्ञ-मन्त्रादिनिन्दकैः ।
कृत्वा तु स्पर्शनालापं शुध्येतार्कावलोकनात् ॥३३॥
33. devatā-pitṛ-sacchāstra-yajña-mantrādinindakaiḥ .
kṛtvā tu sparśanālāpaṃ śudhyetārkāvalokanāt.
33. devatā-pitr̥-sacchāstra-yajña-mantrādininadakaiḥ
kr̥tvā tu sparśana ālāpam śudhyeta arka avalokanāt
33. One should purify oneself by gazing at the sun after having made contact or conversed with those who denounce deities, ancestors, good scriptures, (yajña) sacrifices, (mantra) incantations, and similar sacred things.
अवलोक्य तथोदक्यामन्त्यजं पतितं शवम् ।
विधर्मि-सूतिका-षण्ड-विवस्त्रान्त्यावसायिनः ॥३४॥
34. avalokya tathodakyāmantyajaṃ patitaṃ śavam .
vidharmi-sūtikā-ṣaṇḍa-vivastrāntyāvasāyinaḥ.
34. avalokya tathā udakyām antyajam patitam śavam
vidharmi-sūtikā-ṣaṇḍa-vivastra-antyāvasāyinaḥ
34. After seeing a menstruating woman, an outcaste, a fallen person, a corpse, a non-follower of (dharma) natural law, a woman in confinement (after childbirth), a eunuch, a naked person, or a very low-caste person (antyāvasāyin).
सूतनिर्यातकांश्चैव परदाररताश्च ये ।
एतदेव हि कर्तव्यं प्राज्ञैः शोधनमात्मनः ॥३५॥
35. sūtaniryātakāṃścaiva paradāraratāśca ye .
etadeva hi kartavyaṃ prājñaiḥ śodhanamātmanaḥ.
35. sūtaniryātakān ca eva paradāraratāḥ ca ye etat
eva hi kartavyam prājñaiḥ śodhanam ātmanaḥ
35. (Continuing the list of persons to be avoided from the previous verse) ...and charioteers (sūta), banished persons, and those who are devoted to other men's wives. Indeed, for the wise, this very act of purification of the self (ātman) is to be performed.
अभोज्यं सूतिका-षण्ड-मार्जाराखुश्वकुक्कुटान् ।
पतिताविद्धचण्डाल-मृतहारांश्च धर्मवित् ॥३६॥
36. abhojyaṃ sūtikā-ṣaṇḍa-mārjārākhuśvakukkuṭān .
patitāviddhacaṇḍāla-mṛtahārāṃśca dharmavit.
36. abhojyam sūtikāṣaṇḍamārjārākhuśvakukkuṭān
patitāviddhacaṇḍālamṛtahārān ca dharmavit
36. A knower of natural law (dharma) declares the following to be unfit for consumption: a woman in postpartum confinement, a eunuch, a cat, a rat, a dog, a chicken, a fallen person, an afflicted person, an untouchable (caṇḍāla), and a corpse-bearer.
संस्पृश्य शुध्यते स्त्रानादुदक्या ग्रामशूकरौ ।
तद्वच्च सूतिकाशौचदूषितौ पुरुषावपि ॥३७॥
37. saṃspṛśya śudhyate strānādudakyā grāmaśūkarau .
tadvacca sūtikāśaucadūṣitau puruṣāvapi.
37. saṃspṛśya śudhyate snānāt udakyā grāmaśūkarau
tadvat ca sūtikāśaucadūṣitau puruṣau api
37. Upon touching a menstruating woman or a village pig, one becomes purified by bathing. Likewise, two persons contaminated by the impurity of childbirth are also purified (by bathing).
यस्य चानुदिनं हानिर्गृहे नित्यस्य कर्मणः ।
यश्च ब्राह्मणसन्त्यक्तः किल्विषी स नराधमः ॥३८॥
38. yasya cānudinaṃ hānirgṛhe nityasya karmaṇaḥ .
yaśca brāhmaṇasantyaktaḥ kilviṣī sa narādhamaḥ.
38. yasya ca anudinam hāniḥ gṛhe nityasya karmaṇaḥ
yaḥ ca brāhmaṇasantyaktaḥ kilviṣī saḥ narādhamaḥ
38. He who experiences a daily neglect of his regular duties (karma) in the home, and who is abandoned by Brahmins, that sinful person is the lowest among men.
नित्यस्य कर्मणो हानिं न कुर्वोत कदाचन ।
तस्य त्वकरणे बन्धः केवलं मृतजन्मसु ॥३९॥
39. nityasya karmaṇo hāniṃ na kurvota kadācana .
tasya tvakaraṇe bandhaḥ kevalaṃ mṛtajanmasu.
39. nityasya karmaṇaḥ hānim na kurvīta kadācana
tasya tu akaraṇe bandhaḥ kevalam mṛtajanmasu
39. One should never neglect their regular duties (karma). For in its non-performance, there is indeed only bondage in cycles of death and rebirth (saṃsāra).
दशाहं ब्राह्मणस्तिष्ठेद्दानहोमादिवर्जितः ।
क्षत्रियो द्वादशाहञ्च वैश्यो मासार्धमेव च ॥४०॥
40. daśāhaṃ brāhmaṇastiṣṭheddānahomādivarjitaḥ .
kṣatriyo dvādaśāhañca vaiśyo māsārdhameva ca.
40. daśāham brāhmaṇaḥ tiṣṭhet dānahomādivarjitaḥ
kṣatriyaḥ dvādaśāham ca vaiśyaḥ māsārdham eva ca
40. A Brahmin should remain for ten days, abstaining from giving gifts (dāna) and performing fire sacrifices (homa), etc. A Kṣatriya should observe this for twelve days, and a Vaiśya for half a month.
शूद्रस्तु मासमासीत निजकर्मविवर्जितः ।
ततः परं निजं कर्म कुर्युः सर्वे यथोदितम् ॥४१॥
41. śūdrastu māsamāsīta nijakarmavivarjitaḥ .
tataḥ paraṃ nijaṃ karma kuryuḥ sarve yathoditam.
41. śūdraḥ tu māsam āsīta nijakarmavivarjitaḥ
tataḥ param nijam karma kuryuḥ sarve yathoditam
41. A Śūdra, however, should remain for a month, abstaining from their prescribed duties (karma). After that period, all should perform their own duties (karma) as previously ordained.
प्रोताय सलिलं देयं बहिर्दग्ध्वा तु गोत्रिकैः ।
प्रथमेऽह्नि चतुर्थे च सप्तमे नवमे तथा ॥४२॥
42. protāya salilaṃ deyaṃ bahirdagdhvā tu gotrikaiḥ .
prathame'hni caturthe ca saptame navame tathā.
42. protāya salilam deyam bahiḥ dagdhvā tu gotrikaiḥ
prathame ahani caturthe ca saptame navame tathā
42. Water should be offered to the deceased by the relatives (gotrikaiḥ) after having burned the body outside (the village). This should be done on the first, fourth, seventh, and ninth days.
भस्मास्थिचयनं कार्यं चतुर्थे गोत्रिकैर्दिने ।
उर्ध्वं संचयनात् तेषामङ्गस्पर्शो विधीयते ॥४३॥
43. bhasmāsthicayanaṃ kāryaṃ caturthe gotrikairdine .
urdhvaṃ saṃcayanāt teṣāmaṅgasparśo vidhīyate.
43. bhasmāsthicayanam kāryam caturthe gotrikaiḥ dine
ūrdhvam saṃcayanāt teṣām aṅgasparśaḥ vidhīyate
43. The collection of ashes and bones should be performed by the relatives (gotrikaiḥ) on the fourth day. After that collection (saṃcayana), physical contact with those (remains) is permitted.
सोदकैस्तु क्रियाः सर्वाः कार्याः संचयनात्परम् ।
स्पर्श एव सपिण्डानां मृताहनि तथोभयोः ॥४४॥
44. sodakaistu kriyāḥ sarvāḥ kāryāḥ saṃcayanātparam .
sparśa eva sapiṇḍānāṃ mṛtāhani tathobhayoḥ.
44. sodakaiḥ tu kriyāḥ sarvāḥ kāryāḥ saṃcayanāt param
sparśaḥ eva sapiṇḍānām mṛtāhani tathā ubhayoḥ
44. All rituals that involve water should be performed after the collection of the bones. On the day of death, only physical contact (with the deceased) causes impurity for close relatives (sapiṇḍa), and the same applies to both the deceased's family and the ritual performer.
अन्वेकमृक्षमाशस्त्र-तोयोद्बन्धन-वह्निषु ।
विषप्रपातादिमृते प्रायोनाशकयोरपि ॥४५॥
45. anvekamṛkṣamāśastra-toyodbandhana-vahniṣu .
viṣaprapātādimṛte prāyonāśakayorapi.
45. anvekamṛkṣamā śastratoyodbhandhanavahniṣu
viṣaprapātādimṛte prāyonāśakayoḥ api
45. When a person dies due to individual violent causes (like an animal attack), or by weapons, water, hanging, fire; or through poison, falling from a height, or other similar deaths; and also in the case of those who commit suicide by fasting (prāya) or self-destruction (nāśaka).
बाले देशान्तरस्थे च तथा प्रव्रजिते मृते ।
सद्यः शौचमथान्यैश्च त्र्यहमुक्तमशौचकम् ॥४६॥
46. bāle deśāntarasthe ca tathā pravrajite mṛte .
sadyaḥ śaucamathānyaiśca tryahamuktamaśaucakam.
46. bāle deśāntarasthe ca tathā pravrajite mṛte sadyaḥ
śaucam atha anyaiḥ ca tryaham uktam aśaucakam
46. When a child, or someone residing in another country, or an ascetic (pravrajita) dies, there is immediate purity (śauca). However, for others (related to the deceased), three days of impurity (aśaucaka) are declared.
सपिण्डानां सपिण्डस्तु मृतेऽन्यस्मिन्मृतो यदि ।
पूर्वाशौचसमाख्यातैः कार्यास्त्वत्र दिनैः क्रियाः ॥४७॥
47. sapiṇḍānāṃ sapiṇḍastu mṛte'nyasminmṛto yadi .
pūrvāśaucasamākhyātaiḥ kāryāstvatra dinaiḥ kriyāḥ.
47. sapiṇḍānām sapiṇḍaḥ tu mṛte anyasmin mṛtaḥ yadi
pūrvāśaucasamākhyātaiḥ kāryāḥ tu atra dinaiḥ kriyāḥ
47. If a close relative (sapiṇḍa) dies while another close relative (sapiṇḍa) has already died, then the rites for impurity (aśauca) should be performed using the same number of days as prescribed for the earlier period of impurity.
एष एव विधिर्दृष्टो जन्मन्यपि हि सूतके ।
सपिण्डानां सपिण्डेषु यथावत्सोदकेषु च ॥४८॥
48. eṣa eva vidhirdṛṣṭo janmanyapi hi sūtake .
sapiṇḍānāṃ sapiṇḍeṣu yathāvatsodakeṣu ca.
48. eṣaḥ eva vidhiḥ dṛṣṭaḥ janmani api hi sūtake
| sapiṇḍānām sapiṇḍeṣu yathāvat sodakeṣu ca
48. This very rule is observed regarding birth impurity (sūtaka), and also for sapinda relatives and for those who offer shared water (sodaka), just as prescribed.
जाते पुत्रे पितुः स्त्रानं सचेलन्तु विधीयते ।
तत्रापि यदि चान्यस्मिन् जाते जायेत चापरः ॥४९॥
49. jāte putre pituḥ strānaṃ sacelantu vidhīyate .
tatrāpi yadi cānyasmin jāte jāyeta cāparaḥ.
49. jāte putre pituḥ snānam sa-celam tu vidhīyate |
tatra api yadi ca anyasmin jāte jāyeta ca aparaḥ
49. When a son is born, a bath with clothes is prescribed for the father. Moreover, if another son is born while one is already in existence...
तत्रापि शुद्धिरुद्दिष्टा पूर्वजन्मवतो दिनैः ।
दशद्वादशमासार्ध-माससंख्यैर्दिनैर्गतैः ॥५०॥
50. tatrāpi śuddhiruddiṣṭā pūrvajanmavato dinaiḥ .
daśadvādaśamāsārdha-māsasaṃkhyairdinairgataiḥ.
50. tatra api śuddhiḥ uddiṣṭā pūrvajanmavataḥ dinaiḥ
| daśadvādaśamāsārdhamāsasaṃkhyaiḥ dinaiḥ gataiḥ
50. In that case (of successive births), purification is declared for the one associated with the previous birth (i.e., the family), by days that have passed, specifically ten, twelve, a half-month (fifteen days), or a full month, counted in terms of days.
स्वाः स्वाः कर्मक्रियाः कुर्युः सर्वे वर्णा यथाविधि ।
प्रेतमुद्दिश्य कर्तव्यमेकोद्दिष्टं ततः परम् ॥५१॥
51. svāḥ svāḥ karmakriyāḥ kuryuḥ sarve varṇā yathāvidhi .
pretamuddiśya kartavyamekoddiṣṭaṃ tataḥ param.
51. svāḥ svāḥ karma-kriyāḥ kuryuḥ sarve varṇāḥ yathāvidhi
| pretam uddiśya kartavyam ekoddiṣṭam tataḥ param
51. All castes (varṇas) should perform their respective ritual actions (karmakriyās) according to the rules. After that, a single oblation (ekoddiṣṭa) should be performed, intended for the deceased (preta).
दाननि चैव देयानि ब्राह्मणेभ्यो मनीषिभिः ।
यद्यदिष्टतमं लोके यच्चापि ययितं गृहे ॥५२॥
52. dānani caiva deyāni brāhmaṇebhyo manīṣibhiḥ .
yadyadiṣṭatamaṃ loke yaccāpi yayitaṃ gṛhe.
52. dānani ca eva deyāni brāhmaṇebhyaḥ manīṣibhiḥ
yat yat iṣṭatamam loke yat ca api yatitam gṛhe
52. Indeed, gifts (dāna) should be given to Brahmins by the wise. Whatever is most cherished in the world, and whatever has been acquired in one's home, should be given.
तत्तद् गुणवते देयं तदेवाक्षयमिच्छता ।
पूर्णैस्तु दिवसैः स्पृष्ट्वा सलिलं वाहनायुधम् ॥५३॥
53. tattad guṇavate deyaṃ tadevākṣayamicchatā .
pūrṇaistu divasaiḥ spṛṣṭvā salilaṃ vāhanāyudham.
53. tat tat guṇavate deyam tat eva akṣayam icchatā
pūrṇaiḥ tu divasaiḥ spṛṣṭvā salilam vāhanāyudham
53. That very gift should be given to a virtuous person by one who desires it to be imperishable. Furthermore, after completing certain days, one should purify with water and handle one's vehicles and weapons.
प्रतोददण्डौ च तथा सम्यग्वर्णाः कृतक्रियाः ।
स्ववर्णधर्मनिर्दिष्टमुपादानं तथा क्रियाः ॥५४॥
54. pratodadaṇḍau ca tathā samyagvarṇāḥ kṛtakriyāḥ .
svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭamupādānaṃ tathā kriyāḥ.
54. pratodadaṇḍau ca tathā samyak varṇāḥ kṛtakriyāḥ
svavarṇadharmanirdiṣṭam upādānam tathā kriyāḥ
54. Similarly, the goad and the staff (are to be handled). And the properly qualified classes (varṇa), having performed their rituals (kriyā), should undertake the acquisitions (upādāna) and actions (kriyā) prescribed by the intrinsic nature (dharma) of their own class (varṇa).
कुर्युः समस्ताः शुचिनः परत्रेह च भूतिदाः ।
अध्येतव्या त्रयी नित्यं भवितव्यं विपश्चिता ॥५५॥
55. kuryuḥ samastāḥ śucinaḥ paratreha ca bhūtidāḥ .
adhyetavyā trayī nityaṃ bhavitavyaṃ vipaścitā.
55. kuryuḥ samastāḥ śucinaḥ paratra iha ca bhūtidāḥ
adhyetavyā trayī nityam bhavitavyam vipaścitā
55. All of them, being pure, should perform (these actions), as they bestow prosperity both in this world and the next. The threefold Veda (trayī) should be studied constantly, and one should strive to be wise.
धर्मतो धनमाहार्यं यष्टव्यञ्चापि यत्नतः ।
यच्चापि कुर्वतो नात्मा जुगुप्सामेति पुत्रक ॥५६॥
56. dharmato dhanamāhāryaṃ yaṣṭavyañcāpi yatnataḥ .
yaccāpi kurvato nātmā jugupsāmeti putraka.
56. dharmataḥ dhanam āhāryam yaṣṭavyam ca api yatnataḥ
yat ca api kurvataḥ na ātmā jugupsām eti putraka
56. My son, wealth should be acquired through righteous means (dharma), and Vedic rituals (yajña) should be performed diligently. Moreover, one should do only that which, when performed, does not cause one's own self (ātman) to feel contempt.
तत्कर्तव्यमशङ्केन यन्न गोप्यं महाजने ।
एवमाचरतो वत्स पुरुषस्य गृहे सतः ।
धर्मार्थकामसंप्राप्त्या परत्रेह च शोभनम् ॥५७॥
57. tatkartavyamaśaṅkena yanna gopyaṃ mahājane .
evamācarato vatsa puruṣasya gṛhe sataḥ .
dharmārthakāmasaṃprāptyā paratreha ca śobhanam.
57. tat kartavyam aśaṅkena yat na gopyam
mahājane evam ācarataḥ vatsa
puruṣasya gṛhe sataḥ dharmārthakāmasaṃprāptyā
paratra iha ca śobhanam
57. That (action) which need not be concealed from the public, should be undertaken without hesitation. O son, for a householder (puruṣa) who acts in this manner, there will be great welfare and benefit, both in this world and the next, through the proper attainment of constitutional law (dharma), material prosperity, and enjoyment.

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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 (current chapter) Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134