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मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्       mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-30

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मदालसोवाच ।
नित्यं नैमित्तकञ्चैव नित्यनैमित्तिकं तथा ।
गृहस्थस्य तु यत् कर्म तन्निशामय पुत्रक ॥१॥
1. madālasovāca .
nityaṃ naimittakañcaiva nityanaimittikaṃ tathā .
gṛhasthasya tu yat karma tanniśāmaya putraka.
1. madālasā uvāca nityam naimittikam ca eva nityanaimittikam
tathā gṛhasthasya tu yat karma tat niśāmaya putraka
1. Madālasā said: My dear son, now listen to the duties (karma) of a householder, specifically those that are constant (nitya), those that are occasional (naimittika), and also those that are both constant and occasional (nityanaimittika).
पञ्चयज्ञाश्रितं नित्यं यदेतत् कथितं तव ।
नैमित्तिकं तथैवान्यत् पुत्रजन्मक्रियादिकम् ॥२॥
2. pañcayajñāśritaṃ nityaṃ yadetat kathitaṃ tava .
naimittikaṃ tathaivānyat putrajanmakriyādikam.
2. pañcayajñāśritam nityam yat etat kathitam tava
naimittikam tathā eva anyat putrajammakriyādikam
2. That which has been described to you as the constant (nitya) duty, centered on the five great sacrifices (pañcayajña), is understood. And similarly, there are other occasional (naimittika) rites, such as those beginning with the ceremonies for the birth of a son.
नित्यनैमित्तिकं ज्ञेयं पर्वश्राद्धादि पण्डितैः ।
तत्र नैमित्तिकं वक्ष्ये श्राद्धमभ्युदयं तव ॥३॥
3. nityanaimittikaṃ jñeyaṃ parvaśrāddhādi paṇḍitaiḥ .
tatra naimittikaṃ vakṣye śrāddhamabhyudayaṃ tava.
3. nityanaimittikam jñeyam parvaśrāddha ādi paṇḍitaiḥ
tatra naimittikam vakṣye śrāddham abhyudayam tava
3. The constant (nitya) and occasional (naimittika) rites, such as the śrāddha ceremonies on specific auspicious days (parvan), should be understood by the wise. Among these, I shall now describe to you the occasional (naimittika) śrāddha ceremony known as Abhyudaya.
पुत्रजन्मनि यत्कार्यं जातकर्मसमं नरैः ।
विवाहादौ च कर्तव्यं सर्वं सम्यक् क्रिमोदितम् ॥४॥
4. putrajanmani yatkāryaṃ jātakarmasamaṃ naraiḥ .
vivāhādau ca kartavyaṃ sarvaṃ samyak krimoditam.
4. putrajanmani yat kāryam jātakarmasamam naraiḥ
vivāha ādau ca kartavyam sarvam samyak kramuditam
4. Whatever is to be performed by people at the birth of a son, similar to the Jātakarma (saṃskāra) ceremony, and all that is to be done at the time of marriage and other such occasions, should be performed thoroughly as prescribed by the traditional rules (krama).
पितरश्चात्र सम्पूज्याः ख्याता नान्दीमुखास्तु ये ।
पिण्डांश्च दधिसंमिश्रान् दद्याद् यवसमन्वितान् ॥५॥
5. pitaraścātra sampūjyāḥ khyātā nāndīmukhāstu ye .
piṇḍāṃśca dadhisaṃmiśrān dadyād yavasamanvitān.
5. pitaraḥ ca atra sampūjyāḥ khyātāḥ nāndīmukhāḥ tu
ye piṇḍān ca dadhisammiśrān dadyāt yavasamanvitān
5. And here, those ancestors (pitaraḥ) who are renowned as Nāndīmukha (the ancestors for auspicious occasions) should be properly worshipped. One should offer them rice-balls (piṇḍa) mixed with curds and barley.
उदङ्मुखः प्राङ्मुखो वा यजमानः समाहितः ।
वैश्वदेवविहीनं तत् केचिदिच्छन्ति मानवाः ॥६॥
6. udaṅmukhaḥ prāṅmukho vā yajamānaḥ samāhitaḥ .
vaiśvadevavihīnaṃ tat kecidicchanti mānavāḥ.
6. udaṅmukhaḥ prāṅmukhaḥ vā yajamānaḥ samāhitaḥ
vaiśvadevavihīnam tat kecit icchanti mānavāḥ
6. The sacrificer (yajamāna), being concentrated and facing either north or east, performs the ritual. Some people (mānavāḥ) consider that particular act to be devoid of the Vaiśvadeva offering.
युग्माश्चात्र द्विजाः कार्यास्ते च पूज्याः प्रदक्षिणम् ।
एतन्नैमित्तिकं वृद्धौ तथान्यच्चौर्ध्वदेहिकम् ॥७॥
7. yugmāścātra dvijāḥ kāryāste ca pūjyāḥ pradakṣiṇam .
etannaimittikaṃ vṛddhau tathānyaccaurdhvadehikam.
7. yugmāḥ ca atra dvijāḥ kāryāḥ te ca pūjyāḥ pradakṣiṇam
etat naimittikam vṛddhau tathā anyat ca aurdhvadehika
7. And here, Brahmins (dvijāḥ) should be engaged in even numbers, and they should be revered with a clockwise circumambulation (pradakṣiṇam). This occasional (naimittika) rite applies to both auspicious occasions (vṛddhi) and other post-mortem ceremonies (aurdhvadehika).
मृताहनि च कर्तव्यमेकोद्दिष्टं शृणुष्व तत् ।
दैवहीनं तथा कार्यं तथैवैकपवित्रकम् ॥८॥
8. mṛtāhani ca kartavyamekoddiṣṭaṃ śṛṇuṣva tat .
daivahīnaṃ tathā kāryaṃ tathaivaikapavitrakam.
8. mṛtāhani ca kartavyam ekoddiṣṭam śṛṇuṣva tat
daivahīnam tathā kāryam tathā eva ekapavitrakam
8. And listen to this: the rite for a single deceased person (ekoddiṣṭa) should be performed on the anniversary of death. That rite should be performed without invoking the gods (daivahīna) and, similarly, with a single purifying object (ekapavitra).
आवाहनं न कर्तव्यमग्नौकरणवर्जितम् ।
प्रेतस्य पिण्डमेकञ्च दद्यादुच्छिष्टसन्निधौ ॥९॥
9. āvāhanaṃ na kartavyamagnaukaraṇavarjitam .
pretasya piṇḍamekañca dadyāducchiṣṭasannidhau.
9. āvāhanam na kartavyam agnaukaraṇavarjitam
pretasya piṇḍam ekam ca dadyāt ucchiṣṭasannidhau
9. Invocation (āvāhana) should not be performed, and it should be without the offering into fire (agnaukarana). A single rice-ball (piṇḍa) should be given for the departed spirit (preta) near the remnants of food (ucchiṣṭa).
तिलोदकं चापसव्यं तन्नामस्मरणान्वितम् ।
अक्षय्यममुकस्येति स्थाने विप्रविसर्जने ॥१०॥
10. tilodakaṃ cāpasavyaṃ tannāmasmaraṇānvitam .
akṣayyamamukasyeti sthāne vipravisarjane.
10. tilodakam ca apasavyam tannāmasmaraṇānvitam
akṣayyam amukasya iti sthāne vipravisarjane
10. The sesame water, offered counter-clockwise and accompanied by the remembrance of his name, with the declaration 'May this be imperishable for so-and-so,' is to be given at the dismissal of the Brahmins.
अभिरण्यतामिति ब्रूयाद् ब्रूयुस्तेऽभिरताः स्म ह ।
प्रतिमासं भवेदेतत् कार्यमा वत्सरं नरैः ॥११॥
11. abhiraṇyatāmiti brūyād brūyuste'bhiratāḥ sma ha .
pratimāsaṃ bhavedetat kāryamā vatsaraṃ naraiḥ.
11. abhiraṇyatām iti brūyāt brūyuḥ te abhiratāḥ sma ha
pratimāsam bhavet etat kāryam ā vatsaram naraiḥ
11. He should say, 'May you be pleased!' And they (the Brahmins), being pleased, should indeed respond. This rite should be performed by men every month for a year.
अथ संवत्सरे पूर्णे यदा वा क्रियते नरैः ।
सपिण्डीकरणं कार्यं तस्यापि विधिरुच्यते ॥१२॥
12. atha saṃvatsare pūrṇe yadā vā kriyate naraiḥ .
sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ kāryaṃ tasyāpi vidhirucyate.
12. atha saṃvatsare pūrṇe yadā vā kriyate naraiḥ
sapiṇḍīkaraṇam kāryam tasya api vidhiḥ ucyate
12. Now, when a year is completed, or whenever it is performed by men, the Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa (sapiṇḍīkaraṇa) ritual is to be undertaken. The procedure for that is also declared.
तच्चापि दैवरहितमेकार्घ्यैकपवित्रकम् ।
नैवाग्नौकरणं तत्र तच्चावाहनवर्जितम् ॥१३॥
13. taccāpi daivarahitamekārghyaikapavitrakam .
naivāgnaukaraṇaṃ tatra taccāvāhanavarjitam.
13. tat ca api daivarahitam ekārghyaikapavitrakam na
eva agnaukaraṇam tatra tat ca āvāhanavarjitam
13. And that (ritual) is devoid of divine offerings, having a single "arghya" (offering water) and a single "pavitra" (sacred grass ring). In it, there is certainly no offering into the fire, and it is also devoid of invocation.
अपसव्यञ्च तत्रापि भोजयेदयुजो द्विजान् ।
विशेषस्तत्र चान्योऽस्ति प्रतिमासं क्रियाधिकः ॥१४॥
14. apasavyañca tatrāpi bhojayedayujo dvijān .
viśeṣastatra cānyo'sti pratimāsaṃ kriyādhikaḥ.
14. apasavyam ca tatra api bhojayet ayujaḥ dvijān
viśeṣaḥ tatra ca anyaḥ asti pratimāsam kriyādhikaḥ
14. Furthermore, in that specific ritual, one should feed an odd number of Brahmins, wearing the sacred thread over the right shoulder (apasavya). There is also another distinction here: a more elaborate ritual that occurs monthly.
तं कथ्यमानमेकाग्रो वदन्त्या मे निशामय ।
तिलगन्धोदकैर्युक्तं तत्र पात्रचतुष्टयम् ॥१५॥
15. taṃ kathyamānamekāgro vadantyā me niśāmaya .
tilagandhodakairyuktaṃ tatra pātracatuṣṭayam.
15. tam kathyamānam ekāgraḥ vadantyā me niśāmaya
tilagandhodakaiḥ yuktam tatra pātracatuṣṭayam
15. Listen with a focused mind (ekāgra) to what I am narrating. In this context, four vessels (pātracatuṣṭaya) are prepared there, filled with sesame seeds, fragrant substances, and water.
कुर्यात् पितॄणां त्रितयमेकं प्रेतस्य पुत्रक ।
पात्रत्रये प्रेतपात्रमर्घ्यञ्चैव प्रसेचयेत् ॥१६॥
16. kuryāt pitṝṇāṃ tritayamekaṃ pretasya putraka .
pātratraye pretapātramarghyañcaiva prasecayet.
16. kuryāt pitṝṇām tritayam ekam pretasya putraka
pātratraye pretapātram arghyam ca eva prasecayet
16. O son, one should prepare three portions (of offerings) for the ancestors and one for the deceased (preta). Then, one should indeed pour the offering water (arghya) from the deceased's vessel (pretapātra) into the three (ancestral) vessels.
ये समाना इति जपन् पूर्ववच्छेषमाचरेत् ।
स्त्रीणामप्येवमेवैतदेकीद्दिष्टमुदाहृतम् ॥१७॥
17. ye samānā iti japan pūrvavaccheṣamācaret .
strīṇāmapyevamevaitadekīddiṣṭamudāhṛtam.
17. ye samānāḥ iti japan pūrvavat śeṣam ācaret
strīṇām api evam eva etat ekīddiṣṭam udāhṛtam
17. Reciting (the mantra starting with) 'ye samānāḥ' (those who are similar), one should perform the rest (of the ritual) as done previously. This same one-aimed offering (ekoddiṣṭa), for a single deceased, has also been declared for women.
सपिण्डीकरणं तासां पुत्राभावे न विद्यते ।
प्रतिसंवत्सरं कार्यमेकोद्दिष्टं नरैः स्त्रियाः ॥१८॥
18. sapiṇḍīkaraṇaṃ tāsāṃ putrābhāve na vidyate .
pratisaṃvatsaraṃ kāryamekoddiṣṭaṃ naraiḥ striyāḥ.
18. sapiṇḍīkaraṇam tāsām putrābhāve na vidyate
pratisaṃvatsaram kāryam ekoddiṣṭam naraiḥ striyāḥ
18. In the absence of a son, the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa rite is not to be performed for women. Instead, men should perform the ekoddiṣṭa rite for such a woman every year.
मृताहनि यथान्यायं नृणां यद्वदिहोदितम् ।
पुत्राभावे सपिण्डास्तु तदभावे सहोदकाः ॥१९॥
19. mṛtāhani yathānyāyaṃ nṛṇāṃ yadvadihoditam .
putrābhāve sapiṇḍāstu tadabhāve sahodakāḥ.
19. mṛtāhani yathā nyāyam nṛṇām yadvat iha uditam
putrābhāve sapiṇḍāḥ tu tat abhāve sahodakāḥ
19. Just as the proper rite for men is prescribed here to be performed on the anniversary of death, so too, in the absence of a son (for the deceased), the sapiṇḍa relatives should perform it, and in their absence, the sahodaka relatives (should do so).
मातुः सपिण्डा ये च स्युर्ये च मातुः सहोदकाः ।
कुर्युरेनं विधिं सम्यगपुत्रस्य सुतासुतः ॥२०॥
20. mātuḥ sapiṇḍā ye ca syurye ca mātuḥ sahodakāḥ .
kuryurenaṃ vidhiṃ samyagaputrasya sutāsutaḥ.
20. mātuḥ sapiṇḍāḥ ye ca syuḥ ye ca mātuḥ sahodakāḥ
kuryuḥ enam vidhim samyak aputrasya sutāsutaḥ
20. Those who are the mother's sapiṇḍa relatives and those who are the mother's sahodaka relatives should properly perform this rite for a sonless person, and also the daughter's son (should do so).
कुर्युर्मातामहायैवं पुत्रिकास्तनयास्तथा ।
द्व्यामुष्यायणसंज्ञास्तु मातामहपितामहान् ॥२१॥
21. kuryurmātāmahāyaivaṃ putrikāstanayāstathā .
dvyāmuṣyāyaṇasaṃjñāstu mātāmahapitāmahān.
21. kuryuḥ mātāmahāya evam putrikāḥ tanayāḥ tathā
dvyāmuṣyāyaṇasaṃjñāḥ tu mātāmahapitāmahān
21. Similarly, appointed daughters (putrikā) and (other) sons should perform (rites) for the maternal grandfather. And those designated as dvyāmuṣyāyaṇa (sons belonging to two families) should perform (rites) for both maternal and paternal grandfathers.
पूजयेयुर्यथान्यायं श्राद्धैर्नैमित्तिकैरपि ।
सर्वाभावे स्त्रियः कुर्युः स्वभर्तॄणाममन्त्रकम् ॥२२॥
22. pūjayeyuryathānyāyaṃ śrāddhairnaimittikairapi .
sarvābhāve striyaḥ kuryuḥ svabhartṝṇāmamantrakam.
22. pūjayeyuḥ yathānyāyaṃ śrāddhaiḥ naimittikaiḥ api
sarvābhāve striyaḥ kuryuḥ svabhartṝṇām amantrakam
22. They should perform śrāddha and occasional rites according to propriety. In the absence of all (qualified male relatives), women should perform these rituals for their own husbands, but without Vedic hymns (mantras).
तदभावे च नृपतिः कारयेत् स्वकुटुम्बिना ।
तज्जातीयैर्नरैः सम्याग् दाहाद्याः सकलाः क्रियाः ॥२३॥
23. tadabhāve ca nṛpatiḥ kārayet svakuṭumbinā .
tajjātīyairnaraiḥ samyāg dāhādyāḥ sakalāḥ kriyāḥ.
23. tad abhāve ca nṛpatiḥ kārayet svakuṭumbinā
tat-jātīyaiḥ naraiḥ samyak dāhādyāḥ sakalāḥ kriyāḥ
23. And in their absence, the king should ensure that all rites, starting with cremation, are performed properly by men of the deceased's social class, through a member of his own household.
सर्वेषामेव वर्णानां बान्धवो नृपतिर्यतः ।
एतास्ते कथिता वत्स नित्यनैमित्तकास्तथा ॥२४॥
24. sarveṣāmeva varṇānāṃ bāndhavo nṛpatiryataḥ .
etāste kathitā vatsa nityanaimittakāstathā.
24. sarveṣām eva varṇānām bāndhavaḥ nṛpatiḥ yataḥ
etāḥ te kathitāḥ vatsa nityanaimittikāḥ tathā
24. Because the king is indeed the kinsman of all social classes, O child, these daily (nitya) and occasional (naimittika) rites have thus been explained to you.
क्रियां श्राद्धाश्रयामन्यां नित्यनैमित्तिकीं शृणु ।
दर्शस्तत्र निमित्तं वै कालश्चन्द्रक्षयात्मकः ।
नित्यातां नियतः कालस्तस्याः संसूचयत्यथ ॥२५॥
25. kriyāṃ śrāddhāśrayāmanyāṃ nityanaimittikīṃ śṛṇu .
darśastatra nimittaṃ vai kālaścandrakṣayātmakaḥ .
nityātāṃ niyataḥ kālastasyāḥ saṃsūcayatyatha.
25. kriyām śrāddha-āśrayām anyām nityanaimittikīm
śṛṇu darśaḥ tatra nimittam vai
kālaḥ ca candra-kṣaya-ātmakaḥ nityatām
niyataḥ kālaḥ tasyāḥ saṃsūcayati atha
25. Now, listen to another ritual (kriyā) related to śrāddha, which is both constant (nitya) and occasional (naimittika). The New Moon (darśa) is indeed the occasion (nimitta) for it, and the time is characterized by the wane of the moon. A fixed time indicates its constant (nitya) nature (nityatā).

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