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मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्       mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-57

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क्रौष्टुकिरुवाच ।
भगवन् कथितन्त्वेतज्जम्बूद्वीपं समासतः ।
यदेतद्भवता प्रोक्तं कर्म नान्यत्र पुण्यदम् ॥१॥
1. krauṣṭukiruvāca .
bhagavan kathitantvetajjambūdvīpaṃ samāsataḥ .
yadetadbhavatā proktaṃ karma nānyatra puṇyadam.
1. krauṣṭukiḥ uvāca | bhagavan kathitam tu etat jambūdvīpam
samāsataḥ | yat etat bhavatā proktam karma na anyatra puṇyadam
1. Krauṣṭuki said, "O Venerable One, you have concisely described this Jambūdvīpa. You also stated that actions (karma) performed here bestow religious merit, but not in any other place."
पापाय वा महाभाग वर्जयित्वा तु भारतम् ।
इतः स्वर्गश्च मोक्षश्च मध्यञ्चान्तञ्च गम्यते ॥२॥
2. pāpāya vā mahābhāga varjayitvā tu bhāratam .
itaḥ svargaśca mokṣaśca madhyañcāntañca gamyate.
2. pāpāya vā mahābhāga varjayitvā tu bhāratam | itaḥ
svargaḥ ca mokṣaḥ ca madhyam ca antam ca gamyate
2. O great soul, except for Bhāratavarṣa, actions do not lead to sin. From this land, heaven, final liberation (mokṣa), and all intermediate and ultimate states are attained.
न खल्वन्यत्र मर्त्यानां भूमौ कर्म विधीयते ।
तस्माद्विस्तरशो ब्रह्मन् ममैतद्भारतं वद ॥३॥
3. na khalvanyatra martyānāṃ bhūmau karma vidhīyate .
tasmādvistaraśo brahman mamaitadbhārataṃ vada.
3. na khalu anyatra martyānām bhūmau karma vidhīyate
| tasmāt vistaraśaḥ brahman mama etat bhāratam vada
3. Indeed, for mortals, no (meritorious) action (karma) is ordained on any other land. Therefore, O Brāhmaṇa, please describe this Bhāratavarṣa to me in detail.
ये चास्य भेदा यावन्तो यथावत् स्थितिरेव च ।
वर्षोऽयं द्विजशार्दूल ये चास्मिन् देशपर्वताः ॥४॥
4. ye cāsya bhedā yāvanto yathāvat sthitireva ca .
varṣo'yaṃ dvijaśārdūla ye cāsmin deśaparvatāḥ.
4. ye ca asya bhedāḥ yāvantaḥ yathāvat sthitiḥ eva ca
| varṣaḥ ayam dvijaśārdūla ye ca asmin deśaparvatāḥ
4. And, O best of twice-born ones, please tell me all its divisions, as many as there are, and its precise location. Describe this land-division (varṣa), including the countries and mountains within it.
मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
भारतस्यास्य वर्षस्य नव भेदान्निबोध मे ।
समुद्रान्तरिता ज्ञेयास्ते त्वगम्याः परस्परम् ॥५॥
5. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca .
bhāratasyāsya varṣasya nava bhedānnibodha me .
samudrāntaritā jñeyāste tvagamyāḥ parasparam.
5. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca | bhāratasya asya varṣasya nava bhedān
nibodha me | samudraantaritāḥ jñeyāḥ te tu agamyāḥ parasparam
5. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Learn from me the nine divisions of this land (varṣa) of Bhārata. They should be known as separated by the ocean, and thus inaccessible to each other.
इन्द्रद्वीपः कशेरुमांस्ताम्रवर्णो गभस्तिमान् ।
नागद्वीपस्तथा सौम्यो गान्धर्वो वारुणस्तथा ॥६॥
6. indradvīpaḥ kaśerumāṃstāmravarṇo gabhastimān .
nāgadvīpastathā saumyo gāndharvo vāruṇastathā.
6. indradvīpaḥ kaśerumān tāmravarṇaḥ gabhastimān |
nāgadvīpaḥ tathā saumyaḥ gāndharvaḥ vāruṇaḥ tathā
6. The divisions are Indradvīpa, Kaśerumān, Tāmravarṇa, Gabhastimān; likewise Nāgadvīpa, Saumya, Gāndharva, and Vāruṇa.
अयन्तु नवमस्तेषां द्वीपः सागरसंवृतः ।
योजनानां हसस्त्रं वै द्वीपोऽयं दक्षिणोत्तरात् ॥७॥
7. ayantu navamasteṣāṃ dvīpaḥ sāgarasaṃvṛtaḥ .
yojanānāṃ hasastraṃ vai dvīpo'yaṃ dakṣiṇottarāt.
7. ayam tu navamaḥ teṣām dvīpaḥ sāgarasaṃvṛtaḥ |
yojanānām sahasram vai dvīpaḥ ayam dakṣiṇottarāt
7. This, the ninth of these divisions, is surrounded by the ocean. This division extends a thousand yojanas, indeed, from south to north.
पूर्वे किराता यस्यान्ते पश्चिमे यवनास्तथा ।
ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश्चान्तः स्थिता द्विज ॥८॥
8. pūrve kirātā yasyānte paścime yavanāstathā .
brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāścāntaḥ sthitā dvija.
8. pūrve kirātāḥ yasya ante paścime yavanāḥ tathā |
brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyāḥ vaiśyāḥ śūdrāḥ ca antaḥsthitāḥ dvija
8. O twice-born (dvija), at its eastern end are the Kirātas, and likewise, in the west are the Yavanas. Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, and Śūdras are situated within (this division).
इज्याध्यायवणिज्याद्यैः कर्मभिः कृतपावनाः ।
तेषां संव्यवहारश्च एभिः कर्मभिरिष्यते ॥९॥
9. ijyādhyāyavaṇijyādyaiḥ karmabhiḥ kṛtapāvanāḥ .
teṣāṃ saṃvyavahāraśca ebhiḥ karmabhiriṣyate.
9. ijyā adhyāya vaṇijyā ādyaiḥ karmabhiḥ kṛtapāvanāḥ
teṣām saṃvyavahāraḥ ca ebhiḥ karmabhiḥ iṣyate
9. Those who have become purified through actions such as worship, Vedic study, and trade, have their dealings and professional conduct prescribed by these same actions (karma).
स्वर्गापवर्गप्राप्तिश्च पुण्यं पापञ्च वै तदा ।
महेन्द्रो मलयः सह्यः शुक्तिमानृक्षपर्वतः ॥१०॥
10. svargāpavargaprāptiśca puṇyaṃ pāpañca vai tadā .
mahendro malayaḥ sahyaḥ śuktimānṛkṣaparvataḥ.
10. svarga apavarga prāptiḥ ca puṇyam pāpam ca vai tadā
mahendraḥ malayaḥ sahyaḥ śuktimān ṛkṣaparvataḥ
10. Indeed, then follows the attainment of heaven and final liberation (apavarga), as well as merit (puṇya) and demerit (pāpa). Mahendra, Malaya, Sahya, Śuktimān, and the Ṛkṣa mountain are [among them].
विन्ध्यश्च पारियात्रश्च सप्तैवात्र कुलाचलाः ।
तेषां सहस्रशश्चान्ये भूधरा ये समीपगाः ॥११॥
11. vindhyaśca pāriyātraśca saptaivātra kulācalāḥ .
teṣāṃ sahasraśaścānye bhūdharā ye samīpagāḥ.
11. vindhyaḥ ca pāriyātraḥ ca sapta eva atra kulācalāḥ
teṣām sahasraśaḥ ca anye bhūdharāḥ ye samīpagāḥ
11. And the Vindhya and Pāriyātra are indeed the seven principal mountains (kulācalāḥ) here. Besides them, there are thousands of other mountains located nearby.
विस्तारोच्छ्रयिणो रम्या विपुलाश्चात्र सानवः ।
कोलाहलः सवैभ्राजो मन्दरो दर्दुराचलः ॥१२॥
12. vistārocchrayiṇo ramyā vipulāścātra sānavaḥ .
kolāhalaḥ savaibhrājo mandaro dardurācalaḥ.
12. vistārocchrayiṇaḥ ramyāḥ vipulāḥ ca atra sānavaḥ
kolāhalaḥ savaibhrājaḥ mandaraḥ dardurācalaḥ
12. Here, there are charming, vast, and lofty mountain peaks. Kolāhala, Vaibhrāja, Mandara, and the Dardura mountain are among them.
वातस्वनो वैद्युतश्च मैनाकः स्वरसस्तथा ।
तुङ्गप्रस्थो नागगिरी रोचनः पाण्डराचलः ॥१३॥
13. vātasvano vaidyutaśca mainākaḥ svarasastathā .
tuṅgaprastho nāgagirī rocanaḥ pāṇḍarācalaḥ.
13. vātasvanaḥ vaidyutaḥ ca mainākaḥ svarasaḥ tathā
tuṅgaprasthaḥ nāgagirī rocanaḥ pāṇḍarācalaḥ
13. There are Vātasvana, Vaidyuta, Maināka, and Svarasa, as well as Tuṅgaprastha, Nāgagiri, Rocana, and Pāṇḍarācala.
पुष्पो गिरिर्दुर्जयन्तो रैवतोर्ऽबुद एव च ।
ऋष्यमूकः सगोमन्तः कूटशैलः कृतस्मरः ॥१४॥
14. puṣpo girirdurjayanto raivator'buda eva ca .
ṛṣyamūkaḥ sagomantaḥ kūṭaśailaḥ kṛtasmaraḥ.
14. puṣpaḥ giriḥ durjayantaḥ raivataḥ arbudaḥ eva
ca ṛṣyamūkaḥ sagomantaḥ kūṭaśailaḥ kṛtasmaraḥ
14. Puṣpa Giri, Durjayanta, Raivata, and Arbuda; and also Ṛṣyamūka, Sagomanta, Kūṭaśaila, and Kṛtasmara.
श्रीपर्वतश्चकोरश्च शतशोऽन्ये च पर्वताः ।
तैर्विमिश्रा जनपदा म्लेच्छाश्चार्याश्च भागशः ॥१५॥
15. śrīparvataścakoraśca śataśo'nye ca parvatāḥ .
tairvimiśrā janapadā mlecchāścāryāśca bhāgaśaḥ.
15. śrīparvataḥ cakoraḥ ca śataśaḥ anye ca parvatāḥ taiḥ
vimiśrāḥ janapadāḥ mlecchāḥ ca āryāḥ ca bhāgaśaḥ
15. Śrīparvata, Cakora, and hundreds of other mountains exist. The lands (janapada) associated with them are inhabited by a mixture of Mlecchas and Āryas, distributed in parts.
तैः पीयन्ते सरित्श्रेष्ठा यास्ताः सम्यङ्निबोध मे ।
गङ्गा सरस्वती सिन्धुश्चन्द्रभागा तथापरा ॥१६॥
16. taiḥ pīyante saritśreṣṭhā yāstāḥ samyaṅnibodha me .
gaṅgā sarasvatī sindhuścandrabhāgā tathāparā.
16. taiḥ pīyante saritśreṣṭhāḥ yāḥ tāḥ samyak nibodha
me gaṅgā sarasvatī sindhuḥ candrabhāgā tathā aparā
16. The finest of rivers are drunk by them. Understand from me precisely which ones they are: Gaṅgā, Sarasvatī, Sindhu, Candrabhāgā, and another.
यमुना च शतद्रुश्च वितस्तेरावती कुहुः ।
गोमती धूतपापा च बाहुदा सदृशद्वती ॥१७॥
17. yamunā ca śatadruśca vitasterāvatī kuhuḥ .
gomatī dhūtapāpā ca bāhudā sadṛśadvatī.
17. yamunā ca śatadruḥ ca vitastā irāvatī kuhuḥ
gomatī dhūtapāpā ca bāhudā sadṛśadvatī
17. These are the Yamunā, Śatadru, Vitastā, Irāvatī, Kuhu, Gomatī, Dhūtapāpā, Bāhudā, and Sadṛśadvatī (rivers).
विपाशा देविका रङ्क्षुर्निश्चीरा गण्डकी तथा ।
कौशिकी चापगा विप्र हिमवत्पादनिः सृताः ॥१८॥
18. vipāśā devikā raṅkṣurniścīrā gaṇḍakī tathā .
kauśikī cāpagā vipra himavatpādaniḥ sṛtāḥ.
18. vipāśā devikā raṅkṣuḥ niścīrā gaṇḍakī tathā
kauśikī ca apagā vipra himavatpādanisṛtāḥ
18. O Brāhmaṇa, Vipāśā, Devikā, Raṅkṣu, Niścīrā, Gaṇḍakī, Kauśikī, and Apagā have all sprung forth from the foot of the Himavat (Himalayas).
वेदस्मृतिर्वेदवती वृत्रघ्री सिन्धुरेव च ।
वेण्वा सानन्दनी चैव सदानीरा मही तथा ॥१९॥
19. vedasmṛtirvedavatī vṛtraghrī sindhureva ca .
veṇvā sānandanī caiva sadānīrā mahī tathā.
19. vedasmṛtiḥ vedavatī vṛtraghṇī sindhuḥ eva ca
veṇvā sānandanī ca eva sadānīrā mahī tathā
19. Vedasmariti, Vedavatī, Vṛtraghṇī, and indeed the Sindhu (Indus); also Veṇvā, Sānandanī, Sadānīrā, and Mahī (are among them).
पारा चर्मण्वती नूपी विदिशा वेत्रवत्यपि ।
शिप्रा ह्यवर्णो च तथा पारियात्राश्रयाः स्मृताः ॥२०॥
20. pārā carmaṇvatī nūpī vidiśā vetravatyapi .
śiprā hyavarṇo ca tathā pāriyātrāśrayāḥ smṛtāḥ.
20. pārā carmaṇvatī nūpī vidiśā vetravatī api
śiprā hi avarṇā ca tathā pāriyātrāśrayāḥ smṛtāḥ
20. Pārā, Carmaṇvatī, Nūpī, Vidiśā, and also Vetravatī; Śiprā and Avarṇā are similarly remembered as originating from the Pāriyātra mountains.
शोणो महानदश्चैव नर्मदा सुरथाद्रिजा ।
मन्दाकिनी दशार्णा च चित्रकूटा तथापरा ॥२१॥
21. śoṇo mahānadaścaiva narmadā surathādrijā .
mandākinī daśārṇā ca citrakūṭā tathāparā.
21. śoṇaḥ mahānadaḥ ca eva narmadā surathādrijā
mandākinī daśārṇā ca citrakūṭā tathā aparā
21. And indeed, the great river Shona, Narmada, Surathadrijā, Mandakinī, Dasharnā, and also another river, Chitrakuta.
चित्रोत्पला सतमसा करमोदा पिशाचिका ।
तथान्या पिप्पलिश्रोणिर्विपाशा वञ्जुला नदी ॥२२॥
22. citrotpalā satamasā karamodā piśācikā .
tathānyā pippaliśroṇirvipāśā vañjulā nadī.
22. citrotpalā satamasā karamodā piśācikā tathā
anyā pippaliśroṇiḥ vipāśā vañjulā nadī
22. Chitrotpala, Satamasa, Karamoda, Pishachika; and similarly, another river is Pippaliśroṇi, Vipasha, and Vanjula.
सुमेरुजा शुक्तिमती शकुली त्रिदिवाक्रमुः ।
(विन्ध्य) (स्कन्ध) पादप्रसूता वै तथान्या वेगवाहिनी ॥२३॥
23. sumerujā śuktimatī śakulī tridivākramuḥ .
(vindhya) (skandha) pādaprasūtā vai tathānyā vegavāhinī.
23. sumerujā śuktimatī śakulī tridivākramuḥ
pādaprasūtā vai tathā anyā vegavāhinī
23. Sumeruja, Shuktimati, Shakuli, Tridivakramu; and similarly, another rapidly flowing river, indeed, born from the foot (of a mountain).
शिप्रा पयोष्णी निर्विन्ध्या तापी सनिषधावती ।
वेण्या वैतरणी चैव सिनीवाली कुमुद्वती ॥२४॥
24. śiprā payoṣṇī nirvindhyā tāpī saniṣadhāvatī .
veṇyā vaitaraṇī caiva sinīvālī kumudvatī.
24. śiprā payoṣṇī nirvindhyā tāpī saniṣadhāvatī
veṇyā vaitaraṇī ca eva sinīvālī kumudvatī
24. Shipra, Payoshni, Nirvindhya, Tapi, Sanishadhavati, Venya, Vaitarani, and indeed, Sinivali and Kumudvati.
करतोया महागौरी दुर्गा चान्तः शिरा तथा ।
(ऋक्ष) (विन्ध्य) पादप्रसूतास्ता नद्यः पुण्यजलाः शुभाः ॥२५॥
25. karatoyā mahāgaurī durgā cāntaḥ śirā tathā .
(ṛkṣa) (vindhya) pādaprasūtāstā nadyaḥ puṇyajalāḥ śubhāḥ.
25. karatoyā mahāgaurī durgā ca antaḥ śirā tathā ṛkṣa
vindhya pādaprasūtāḥ tāḥ nadyaḥ puṇyajalāḥ śubhāḥ
25. The Karatoyā, Mahāgaurī, Durgā, and Antaḥśirā rivers - these auspicious rivers with purifying waters - originate from the foothills of the Ṛkṣa and Vindhya mountains.
गोदावरी भीमरथा कृष्णा वेण्या तथापरा ।
तुङ्गभद्रा सुप्रयोगा वाह्या कावेर्यथापगा ॥२६॥
26. godāvarī bhīmarathā kṛṣṇā veṇyā tathāparā .
tuṅgabhadrā suprayogā vāhyā kāveryathāpagā.
26. godāvarī bhīmarathā kṛṣṇā veṇyā tathā aparā
tuṅgabhadrā suprayogā vāhyā kāverī yathā apagā
26. The Godāvarī, Bhīmarathā, Kṛṣṇā, and another, the Veṇyā, along with the Tuṅgabhadrā, Suprayogā, Vāhyā, and Kāverī, as well as the Apagā (river).
( सह्यपादविनिष्क्रान्ता ) विन्ध्यपादविनिष्क्रान्ता इत्येताः सरिदुत्तमाः ।
कृतमाला ताम्रपर्णो पुष्पजा सूत्पलावती ॥२७॥
27. ( sahyapādaviniṣkrāntā ) vindhyapādaviniṣkrāntā ityetāḥ sariduttamāḥ .
kṛtamālā tāmraparṇo puṣpajā sūtpalāvatī.
27. sahya pāda viniṣkrāntā vindhya pāda viniṣkrāntā iti etāḥ
sarit uttamāḥ kṛtamālā tāmraparṇī puṣpajā sūtpālavatī
27. These excellent rivers - the Kṛtamālā, Tāmraparṇī, Puṣpajā, and Sūtpālavatī - are those originating from the foothills of the Sahya and Vindhya mountains.
मलयाद्रिसमुद्भूता नद्यः शीतजलास्त्विमाः ।
पितृसोमर्षिकुल्या च इक्षुका त्रिदिवा च या ॥२८॥
28. malayādrisamudbhūtā nadyaḥ śītajalāstvimāḥ .
pitṛsomarṣikulyā ca ikṣukā tridivā ca yā.
28. malayādrisamudbhūtā nadyaḥ śītajalāḥ tu imāḥ
pitṛsomarṣikulyā ca ikṣukā tridivā ca yā
28. These rivers, possessing cool waters, originate from the Malaya mountain: the Pitṛsomarṣikulyā, the Ikṣukā, and the Tridivā.
लाङ्गूलिनी वंशकरा महेन्द्रप्रभवाः स्मृताः ।
ऋषिकुल्या कुमारी च मन्दगा मन्दवाहिनी ॥२९॥
29. lāṅgūlinī vaṃśakarā mahendraprabhavāḥ smṛtāḥ .
ṛṣikulyā kumārī ca mandagā mandavāhinī.
29. lāṅgūlinī vaṃśakarā mahendraprabhavāḥ smṛtāḥ
ṛṣikulyā kumārī ca mandagā mandavāhinī
29. The rivers Lāṅgūlinī, Vaṃśakarā, Ṛṣikulyā, Kumārī, Mandagā, and Mandavāhinī are known to originate from the Mahendra mountains.
कृपा पलाशिनी चैव शुक्तिमत्प्रभवाः स्मृताः ।
सर्वाः पुण्याः सरस्वत्यः सर्वा गङ्गाः समुद्रगाः ॥३०॥
30. kṛpā palāśinī caiva śuktimatprabhavāḥ smṛtāḥ .
sarvāḥ puṇyāḥ sarasvatyaḥ sarvā gaṅgāḥ samudragāḥ.
30. kṛpā palāśinī ca eva śuktimatprabhavāḥ smṛtāḥ
sarvāḥ puṇyāḥ sarasvatyaḥ sarvāḥ gaṅgāḥ samudragāḥ
30. Kṛpā and Palāśinī are indeed remembered as originating from the Śuktimat mountains. All rivers (sarasvatyaḥ) are sacred, and all important rivers (gaṅgāḥ) eventually flow into the ocean.
विश्वस्य मातरः सर्वाः सर्वपापहराः स्मृताः ।
अन्याः सहस्रशश्चोक्ताः क्षुद्रनद्यो द्विजोत्तम ॥३१॥
31. viśvasya mātaraḥ sarvāḥ sarvapāpaharāḥ smṛtāḥ .
anyāḥ sahasraśaścoktāḥ kṣudranadyo dvijottama.
31. viśvasya mātaraḥ sarvāḥ sarvapāpaharāḥ smṛtāḥ
anyāḥ sahasraśaḥ ca uktāḥ kṣudranadyaḥ dvijottama
31. All of them (rivers) are considered the mothers of the universe and removers of all sins. Furthermore, O best of the twice-born (dvijottama), thousands of other small rivers are also mentioned.
प्रावृट्कालवहाः सन्ति सदाकालवहाश्च याः ।
मत्स्याश्वकूटाः कुल्याश्च कुन्तलाः काशिकोशलाः ॥३२॥
32. prāvṛṭkālavahāḥ santi sadākālavahāśca yāḥ .
matsyāśvakūṭāḥ kulyāśca kuntalāḥ kāśikośalāḥ.
32. prāvṛṭkālavahāḥ santi sadākālavahāḥ ca yāḥ
matsyāśvakūṭāḥ kulyāḥ ca kuntalāḥ kāśikośalāḥ
32. There are rivers that flow during the rainy season and those that are perennial. Among these are Matsyāśvakūṭā, Kulyā, Kuntalā, and Kāśikōśalā.
अथर्वाश्चार्कलिङ्गाश्च मलकाश्च वृकैः सह ।
मध्यदेश्या जनपदाः प्रायशोऽमी प्रकीर्तिताः ॥३३॥
33. atharvāścārkaliṅgāśca malakāśca vṛkaiḥ saha .
madhyadeśyā janapadāḥ prāyaśo'mī prakīrtitāḥ.
33. atharvāḥ ca arkaliṅgāḥ ca malakāḥ ca vṛkaiḥ saha
madhyadeśyāḥ janapadāḥ prāyaśaḥ amī prakīrtitāḥ
33. The Atharvas, Arkaliṅgas, Malakas, and along with the Vṛkas - these peoples of the Middle Country are mostly enumerated here.
सह्यस्य चोत्तरे या तु यत्र गोदावरी नदी ।
पृथिव्यामपि कृतस्त्रायां स प्रदेशो मनोरमः ॥३४॥
34. sahyasya cottare yā tu yatra godāvarī nadī .
pṛthivyāmapi kṛtastrāyāṃ sa pradeśo manoramaḥ.
34. sahyasya ca uttare yā tu yatra godāvarī nadī
pṛthivyām api kṛtsnāyām saḥ pradeśaḥ manoramaḥ
34. That charming region, which is located to the north of the Sahya mountains, where the Godavari river flows, is indeed delightful on the entire earth.
गोवर्धनं पुरं रम्यं भार्गवस्य महात्मनः ।
वाह्लीका वाटधानाश्च आभीराः कालतोयकाः ॥३५॥
35. govardhanaṃ puraṃ ramyaṃ bhārgavasya mahātmanaḥ .
vāhlīkā vāṭadhānāśca ābhīrāḥ kālatoyakāḥ.
35. govardhanam puram ramyam bhārgavasya mahātmanaḥ
vāhlīkāḥ vāṭadhānāḥ ca ābhīrāḥ kālatoyakāḥ
35. The beautiful city of Govardhana belongs to the great-souled Bhargava. (Also mentioned are) the Vāhlīkas, Vāṭadhānas, Ābhīras, and Kālatoyakas.
अपरान्ताश्च शूद्राश्च पल्लवाश्चर्मखण्डिकाः ।
गान्धारा गबलाश्चैव सिन्धुसौवीरमद्रकाः ॥३६॥
36. aparāntāśca śūdrāśca pallavāścarmakhaṇḍikāḥ .
gāndhārā gabalāścaiva sindhusauvīramadrakāḥ.
36. aparāntāḥ ca śūdrāḥ ca pallavāḥ carmakhaṇḍikāḥ
gāndhārāḥ gabalāḥ ca eva sindhusauvīramadrakāḥ
36. The Aparāntas and Śūdras, the Pallavas and Carmakhaṇḍikas, the Gandhāras, Gabalas, and indeed the Sindhu-Sauvīra-Madrakas (are also mentioned).
शतद्रुजाः कलिङ्गाश्च पारदा हालमूषिकाः ।
माठरा बहुभद्राश्च कैकेया दशमालिकाः ॥३७॥
37. śatadrujāḥ kaliṅgāśca pāradā hālamūṣikāḥ .
māṭharā bahubhadrāśca kaikeyā daśamālikāḥ.
37. śatadrujāḥ kaliṅgāḥ ca pāradā hālamūṣikāḥ
māṭharā bahubhadrāḥ ca kaikeyā daśamālikāḥ
37. The Satadrujas, the Kalingas, the Paradas, the Halamushikas, the Matharas, the Bahubhadrhas, the Kaikeyas, and the Dashamalikas (are mentioned).
क्षत्रियोपनिवेशाश्च वैश्यशूद्रकुलानि च ।
काम्बोजा दरदाश्चैव वर्वरा हर्षवर्धनाः ॥३८॥
38. kṣatriyopaniveśāśca vaiśyaśūdrakulāni ca .
kāmbojā daradāścaiva varvarā harṣavardhanāḥ.
38. kṣatriyopaniveśāḥ ca vaiśyaśūdrakulāni ca
kāmbojā daradāḥ ca eva varvarā harṣavardhanāḥ
38. Also mentioned are the Kṣatriya settlements and the families of Vaiśyas and Śūdras. Additionally, the Kambojas, the Daradas, the Barbaras, and the Harṣavardhanas (are listed).
चीनाश्चैव तुखाराश्च बहुला बाह्यतोनराः ।
आत्रेयाश्च भरद्वाजाः पुष्कलाश्च कशेरुकाः ॥३९॥
39. cīnāścaiva tukhārāśca bahulā bāhyatonarāḥ .
ātreyāśca bharadvājāḥ puṣkalāśca kaśerukāḥ.
39. cīnāḥ ca eva tukhārāḥ ca bahulā bāhyataḥ narāḥ
ātreyāḥ ca bharadvājāḥ puṣkalāḥ ca kaśerukāḥ
39. Also mentioned are the Chinas and the Tukharas, many of whom are people from outside. Then come the Atreyas, the Bharadvajas, the Pushkalas, and the Kasherukas.
लम्पाकाः शूलकाराश्च चूलिका जागुडैः सह ।
औषधाश्चानिमद्राश्च किरातानाञ्च जातयः ॥४०॥
40. lampākāḥ śūlakārāśca cūlikā jāguḍaiḥ saha .
auṣadhāścānimadrāśca kirātānāñca jātayaḥ.
40. lampākāḥ śūlakārāḥ ca cūlikā jāguḍaiḥ saha
auṣadhāḥ ca animadrāḥ ca kirātānām ca jātayaḥ
40. The Lampakas, the Shulakaras, and the Chulikas, along with the Jagudas, are listed. Also included are the Aushadhas, the Animadras, and the various tribes of the Kiratas.
तामसा हंसमार्गाश्च काश्मीरास्तुङ्गनास्तथा ।
शूलिकाः कुहकाश्चैव ऊर्णा दर्वास्तथैव च ॥४१॥
41. tāmasā haṃsamārgāśca kāśmīrāstuṅganāstathā .
śūlikāḥ kuhakāścaiva ūrṇā darvāstathaiva ca.
41. tāmasāḥ haṃsamārgāḥ ca kāśmīrāḥ tuṅganāḥ tathā
śūlikāḥ kuhakāḥ ca eva ūrṇāḥ darvāḥ tathā eva ca
41. The Tamasas, the Hamsamargas, the Kashmiris, and the Tunganās; similarly, the Shulikas, the Kuhakas, the Urnas, and the Darvas.
एते देशा ह्युदीच्यास्तु प्राच्यान्देशान्निबोध मे ।
अध्रारका मुदकरा अन्तर्गिर्या बहिर्गिराः ॥४२॥
42. ete deśā hyudīcyāstu prācyāndeśānnibodha me .
adhrārakā mudakarā antargiryā bahirgirāḥ.
42. ete deśāḥ hi udīcyāḥ tu prācyān deśān nibodha
me adhrārakāḥ mudakarāḥ antargiryāḥ bahirgirāḥ
42. These are the northern regions. Now, learn from me about the eastern regions: the Adhrarakas, the Mudakaras, the Antargiryas (those dwelling within the mountains), and the Bahirgirās (those dwelling outside the mountains).
यथा प्रवङ्गा रङ्गेया मानदा मानवर्तिकाः ।
ब्राह्मोत्तराः प्रविजया भार्गवा ज्ञेयमल्लकाः ॥४३॥
43. yathā pravaṅgā raṅgeyā mānadā mānavartikāḥ .
brāhmottarāḥ pravijayā bhārgavā jñeyamallakāḥ.
43. yathā pravaṅgāḥ raṅgeyāḥ mānadāḥ mānavartikāḥ
brāhmottarāḥ pravijayāḥ bhārgavāḥ jñeyamallakāḥ
43. Similarly, there are the Pravangas, Rangeyas, Manadas, and Manavartikas; also the Brahmottaras, Pravijayas, Bhargavas, and the Jñeyamallakas.
प्राग्ज्योतिषाश्च मद्राश्च विदेहास्ताम्रलिप्तकाः ।
मल्ला मगधगोमन्ताः प्राच्या जनपदाः स्मृताः ॥४४॥
44. prāgjyotiṣāśca madrāśca videhāstāmraliptakāḥ .
mallā magadhagomantāḥ prācyā janapadāḥ smṛtāḥ.
44. prāgjyotiṣāḥ ca madrāḥ ca videhāḥ tāmraliptakāḥ
mallāḥ magadhagomantāḥ prācyāḥ janapadāḥ smṛtāḥ
44. The Pragjyotishas, Madras, Videhas, and Tamraliptakas; the Mallas, Magadhas, and Gomantas – these are considered the eastern regions (janapadas).
अथापरे जनपदा दक्षिणापथवासिनः ।
पुण्ड्राश्च केवलाश्चैव गोलाङ्गूलास्तथैव च ॥४५॥
45. athāpare janapadā dakṣiṇāpathavāsinaḥ .
puṇḍrāśca kevalāścaiva golāṅgūlāstathaiva ca.
45. atha apare janapadāḥ dakṣiṇāpathavāsinaḥ puṇḍrāḥ
ca kevalāḥ ca eva golāṅgūlāḥ tathā eva ca
45. Now, other peoples residing in the southern region (Dakṣiṇāpatha) include the Puṇḍras, the Kevalas, and similarly, the Golāṅgūlas.
शैलूषा मूषिकाश्चैव कुसुमा नामवासकाः ।
महाराष्ट्रा माहिषका कलिङ्गाश्चैव सर्वशः ॥४६॥
46. śailūṣā mūṣikāścaiva kusumā nāmavāsakāḥ .
mahārāṣṭrā māhiṣakā kaliṅgāścaiva sarvaśaḥ.
46. śailūṣāḥ mūṣikāḥ ca eva kusumāḥ nāma vāsakāḥ
mahārāṣṭrāḥ māhiṣakāḥ kaliṅgāḥ ca eva sarvaśaḥ
46. Also, the Śailūṣas, the Mūṣikas, the Kusumās by name, the Vāsakas, the Mahārāṣṭras, the Māhiṣakas, and entirely all of the Kaliṅgas.
आभीराः सह वैशिक्या आढक्याः शबराश्च ये ।
पुलिन्दा विन्ध्यमौलेया वैदर्भा दण्डकैः सह ॥४७॥
47. ābhīrāḥ saha vaiśikyā āḍhakyāḥ śabarāśca ye .
pulindā vindhyamauleyā vaidarbhā daṇḍakaiḥ saha.
47. ābhīrāḥ saha vaiśikyā āḍhakyāḥ śabarāḥ ca ye
pulindāḥ vindhyamauleyāḥ vaidarbhāḥ daṇḍakaiḥ saha
47. The Ābhīras along with the Vaiśikyas, those Āḍhakyas and Śabaras, the Pulindas, the Vindhyamauleyas, the Vaidarbhas, along with the Daṇḍakas.
पौरिका मौलिकाश्चैव अश्मका भोगवर्धनाः ।
नैषिकाः कुन्तला अन्धा उदिभदा वनदारकाः ॥४८॥
48. paurikā maulikāścaiva aśmakā bhogavardhanāḥ .
naiṣikāḥ kuntalā andhā udibhadā vanadārakāḥ.
48. paurikāḥ maulikāḥ ca eva aśmakāḥ bhogavardhanāḥ
naiṣikāḥ kuntalāḥ andhāḥ udibhadāḥ vanadārakāḥ
48. The Paurikas, the Maulikas, and also the Aśmakas, the Bhogavardhanas, the Naiṣikas, the Kuntalas, the Andhas, the Udibhadās, and the Vanadārakas.
दाक्षिणात्यास्त्वमी देशा अपरान्तान् निबोध मे ।
सूर्पारकाः कालिबला दुर्गाश्चानीकटैः सह ॥४९॥
49. dākṣiṇātyāstvamī deśā aparāntān nibodha me .
sūrpārakāḥ kālibalā durgāścānīkaṭaiḥ saha.
49. dākṣiṇātyāḥ tu amī deśāḥ aparāntān nibodha me
sūrpārakāḥ kālibalāḥ durgāḥ ca anīkaṭaiḥ saha
49. Now, learn from me about these southern regions and the western territories. These include the Surparakas, the Kalibalas, the Durgas, along with the Anikatas.
पुलिन्दाश्च सुमीनाश्च रूपपाः स्वापदैः सह ।
तथा कुरुमिनश्चैव सर्वे चैव कठाक्षराः ॥५०॥
50. pulindāśca sumīnāśca rūpapāḥ svāpadaiḥ saha .
tathā kuruminaścaiva sarve caiva kaṭhākṣarāḥ.
50. pulindāḥ ca sumīnāḥ ca rūpapāḥ svāpadaiḥ saha
tathā kuruminaḥ ca eva sarve ca eva kaṭhākṣarāḥ
50. Also the Pulindas, the Suminas, and the Rupapas, along with the Svapadas. Similarly, the Kuruminas, and indeed all the Kathaksharas.
नासिक्यावाश्च ये चान्ये ये चैवोत्तरनर्मदाः ।
भीरुकच्छाः समाहेयाः सह सारस्वतैरपि ॥५१॥
51. nāsikyāvāśca ye cānye ye caivottaranarmadāḥ .
bhīrukacchāḥ samāheyāḥ saha sārasvatairapi.
51. nāsikyāvāḥ ca ye ca anye ye ca eva uttaranarmadāḥ
bhīrukacchāḥ samāheyāḥ saha sārasvataiḥ api
51. Also, those called Nasikyavas and others who live north of the Narmada. Then there are the Bhirukacchas, the Samaheyas, and also the Sarasvatas.
काश्मीराश्च सुराष्ट्राश्च अवन्त्याश्चार्बुदैः सह ।
इत्येते ह्यपरान्ताश्च शृणु विन्ध्यनिवासिनः ॥५२॥
52. kāśmīrāśca surāṣṭrāśca avantyāścārbudaiḥ saha .
ityete hyaparāntāśca śṛṇu vindhyanivāsinaḥ.
52. kāśmīrāḥ ca surāṣṭrāḥ ca avantyāḥ ca arbudaiḥ saha
iti ete hi aparāntāḥ ca śṛṇu vindhyanivāsinaḥ
52. Also the Kashmiras, the Surashtras, and the Avantis along with the Arbudas. These are indeed the western territories. Now, hear about the inhabitants of the Vindhya mountains.
सरजाश्च करूषाश्च केरलाश्चोत्कलैः सह ।
उत्तमर्णा दशार्णाश्च भोज्याः किष्किन्धकैः सह ॥५३॥
53. sarajāśca karūṣāśca keralāścotkalaiḥ saha .
uttamarṇā daśārṇāśca bhojyāḥ kiṣkindhakaiḥ saha.
53. sarajāḥ ca karūṣāḥ ca keralāḥ ca utkalaiḥ saha
uttamarṇāḥ daśārṇāḥ ca bhojyāḥ kiṣkindhakaiḥ saha
53. The Sarajas, the Karushas, and the Keralas, along with the Utkalas; the Uttamarnas, the Dasharnas, and the Bhojyas, along with the Kishkindhakas.
तोशलाः कोशलाश्चैव त्रैपुरा वैदिशास्तथा ।
तुम्बुरास्तुम्बुलाश्चैव पटवो नैषधेः सह ॥५४॥
54. tośalāḥ kośalāścaiva traipurā vaidiśāstathā .
tumburāstumbulāścaiva paṭavo naiṣadheḥ saha.
54. tośalāḥ kośalāḥ ca eva traipurāḥ vaidiśāḥ tathā
tumburāḥ tumbulāḥ ca eva paṭavaḥ naiṣadhaiḥ saha
54. The Toshalas, the Koshalas, and indeed the Traipuras and the Vaidishas; likewise the Tumburas, the Tumbulas, and indeed the Patavas, along with the Naishadhas.
अन्नजास्तुष्टिकाराश्च वीरहोत्रा ह्यवन्तयः ।
एते जनपदाः सर्वे विन्ध्यपृष्ठनिवासिनः ॥५५॥
55. annajāstuṣṭikārāśca vīrahotrā hyavantayaḥ .
ete janapadāḥ sarve vindhyapṛṣṭhanivāsinaḥ.
55. annajāḥ tuṣṭikārāḥ ca vīrahotrāḥ hi avantayaḥ
ete janapadāḥ sarve vindhyapṛṣṭhanivāsinaḥ
55. The Annajas, the Tushtikaras, and the Virahotras, as well as the Avantis - all these are countries (janapada) whose people reside on the plateau of the Vindhya mountains.
अतो देशान् प्रवक्ष्यामि पर्वताश्रयिणश्च ये ।
नीहारा हंसमार्गाश्च कुरवो गुर्गणाः खसाः ॥५६॥
56. ato deśān pravakṣyāmi parvatāśrayiṇaśca ye .
nīhārā haṃsamārgāśca kuravo gurgaṇāḥ khasāḥ.
56. ataḥ deśān pravakṣyāmi parvatāśrayiṇaḥ ca ye
nīhārāḥ haṃsamārgāḥ ca kuravaḥ gurgaṇāḥ khasāḥ
56. Henceforth, I will declare the countries and those peoples who reside in the mountains: the Niharās, the Hamsamargas, the Kurus, the Gurganas, and the Khasas.
कुन्तप्रावरणाश्चैव ऊर्णा दार्वाः सकृत्रकाः ।
त्रिगर्ता गालवाश्चैव किरातास्तामसैः सह ॥५७॥
57. kuntaprāvaraṇāścaiva ūrṇā dārvāḥ sakṛtrakāḥ .
trigartā gālavāścaiva kirātāstāmasaiḥ saha.
57. kuntaprāvaraṇāḥ ca eva ūrṇāḥ dārvāḥ sakṛtrakāḥ
trigartāḥ gālavāḥ ca eva kirātāḥ tāmasaiḥ saha
57. The Kuṇtaprāvaraṇas, and also the Ūrṇas, the Dārvās, and the Sakṛtrakas; the Trigartas, and also the Gālavās, and the Kirātas along with the Tāmasas (are among the inhabitants).
कृतत्रेतादिकश्चात्र चतुर्युगकृतो विधिः ।
एतत्तु भारतं वर्षं चतुः संस्थानसंस्थितम् ॥५८॥
58. kṛtatretādikaścātra caturyugakṛto vidhiḥ .
etattu bhārataṃ varṣaṃ catuḥ saṃsthānasaṃsthitam.
58. kṛtatretādikaḥ ca atra caturyugakṛtaḥ vidhiḥ
etat tu bhāratam varṣam catuḥsaṃsthānasaṃsthitam
58. Here, the system (vidhi) of the four epochs (yugas), beginning with Kṛta (Satya) and Tretā, is established. This land of Bhārata, however, is configured with four divisions.
दक्षिणापरतो ह्यस्य पूर्वेण च महोदधिः ।
हिमवानुत्तरेणास्य कार्मुकस्य यथा गुणः ॥५९॥
59. dakṣiṇāparato hyasya pūrveṇa ca mahodadhiḥ .
himavānuttareṇāsya kārmukasya yathā guṇaḥ.
59. dakṣiṇāparataḥ hi asya pūrveṇa ca mahodadhiḥ
himavān uttareṇa asya kārmukasya yathā guṇaḥ
59. Indeed, to its south-west and to its east, this land (Bhārata) has the great ocean. The Himālaya mountains are to its north, like the string of a bow.
तदेतद् भारतं वर्षं सर्वबीजं द्विजोत्तम ।
ब्रह्मत्वममरेशत्वं देवत्वं मरुतस्तथा ॥६०॥
60. tadetad bhārataṃ varṣaṃ sarvabījaṃ dvijottama .
brahmatvamamareśatvaṃ devatvaṃ marutastathā.
60. tat etat bhāratam varṣam sarvabījam dvijottama
brahmatvam amareśatvam devatvam marutaḥ tathā
60. This land of Bhārata, O best among the twice-born (dvijottama), is the seed of all (sarvabīja). In it, one may attain the state of Brahman (brahmatva), the lordship over immortals, godhood, and even the Maruts (wind gods).
मृगपश्वप्सरोयोनिस्तद्वत् सर्वे सरीसृपाः ।
स्थावराणाञ्च सर्वेषामितो ब्रह्मन् शुभाशुभैः ॥६१॥
61. mṛgapaśvapsaroyonistadvat sarve sarīsṛpāḥ .
sthāvarāṇāñca sarveṣāmito brahman śubhāśubhaiḥ.
61. mṛgapaśvapsaroyoniḥ tadvat sarve sarīsṛpāḥ
sthāvarāṇām ca sarveṣām itaḥ brahman śubhāśubhaiḥ
61. O Brahmin, similarly, all creeping creatures, those born as deer, other animals, and celestial nymphs (Apsarās), as well as all immobile beings, [are reborn into these various wombs] from here through their good and bad actions (karma).
प्रयाति कर्मभूर्ब्रह्मन् नान्या लोकेषु विद्यते ।
देवानामपि विप्रर्षे सदा एष मनोरथः ॥६२॥
62. prayāti karmabhūrbrahman nānyā lokeṣu vidyate .
devānāmapi viprarṣe sadā eṣa manorathaḥ.
62. prayāti karmabhūḥ brahman na anyā lokeṣu
vidyate devānām api viprarṣe sadā eṣa manorathaḥ
62. O Brahmin, the land of action (karma-bhūmi) manifests, and no other [such land] exists among the worlds. O sage among Brahmins (viprarṣi), this is always the fervent desire of even the gods.
अपि मानुष्यमाप्स्यामो देवत्वात् प्रच्युताः क्षितौ ।
मनुष्यः कुरुते तत्तु यन्न शक्यं सुरासुरैः ॥६३॥
63. api mānuṣyamāpsyāmo devatvāt pracyutāḥ kṣitau .
manuṣyaḥ kurute tattu yanna śakyaṃ surāsuraiḥ.
63. api mānuṣyam āpsyāmaḥ devatvāt pracyutāḥ kṣitau
manuṣyaḥ kurute tat tu yat na śakyam surāsuraiḥ
63. "Will we too attain human birth (mānuṣya), having fallen from our divine status (devatva) onto the earth?" A human (manuṣya) indeed performs that which is impossible for both gods and demons.
तत्कर्मनिगडग्रस्तैः स्वकर्मख्यापनोत्सुकः ।
न किञ्चित् क्रियते कर्म सुखलेशोपबृंहितैः ॥६४॥
64. tatkarmanigaḍagrastaiḥ svakarmakhyāpanotsukaḥ .
na kiñcit kriyate karma sukhaleśopabṛṃhitaiḥ.
64. tat-karma-nigaḍa-grastaiḥ sva-karma-khyāpana-utsukaḥ
na kiñcit kriyate karma sukha-leśa-upabṛṃhitaiḥ
64. Bound by the chains of those actions (karma), and eager to proclaim their own deeds (karma), such individuals perform no action (karma) that is truly augmented by even a trace of happiness.

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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 (current chapter) Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134