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मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्       mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-29

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अलर्क उवाच ।
यत् कार्यं पुरुषाणाञ्च गार्हस्थ्यमनुवर्तताम् ।
बन्धश्च स्यादकरणे क्रियाया यस्य चोच्छ्रितिः ॥१॥
1. alarka uvāca .
yat kāryaṃ puruṣāṇāñca gārhasthyamanuvartatām .
bandhaśca syādakaraṇe kriyāyā yasya cocchritiḥ.
1. alarka uvāca yat kāryam puruṣāṇām ca gārhasthyam anuvartatām
bandhaḥ ca syāt akaraṇe kriyāyā yasya ca ucchritiḥ
1. Alarka said: 'What is the duty (kārya) for men living a householder's life? And of which action (kriyā) does non-performance lead to bondage (bandha), and whose performance leads to elevation/prosperity?'
उपकाराय यन्नृणां यच्च वर्ज्यं गृहे सता ।
यथा च क्रियते तन्मे यथावत् पृच्छतो वद ॥२॥
2. upakārāya yannṛṇāṃ yacca varjyaṃ gṛhe satā .
yathā ca kriyate tanme yathāvat pṛcchato vada.
2. upakārāya yat nṛṇām yat ca varjyam gṛhe satām
yathā ca kriyate tat me yathāvat pṛcchataḥ vada
2. Tell me precisely, as I ask, what should be done for the benefit of people, what should be avoided by the good (sata) householders, and how all this is properly performed.
मदालसोवाच ।
वत्स गार्हस्थ्यमादाय नरः सर्वमिदं जगत् ।
पुष्णाति तेन लोकांश्च स जयत्यभिवाञ्छितान् ॥३॥
3. madālasovāca .
vatsa gārhasthyamādāya naraḥ sarvamidaṃ jagat .
puṣṇāti tena lokāṃśca sa jayatyabhivāñchitān.
3. madālasā uvāca vatsa gārhasthyam ādāya naraḥ sarvam idam
jagat puṣṇāti tena lokān ca saḥ jayati abhivāñchitān
3. Madālasā said: 'My child, by adopting the householder's life (gārhasthya), a person sustains this entire world. Through this, he nourishes the worlds and achieves his desired goals.'
पितरो मुनयो देवा भूतानि मनुजास्तथा ।
कृमिकीटपतङ्गाश्च वयांसि पशवोऽसुराः ॥४॥
4. pitaro munayo devā bhūtāni manujāstathā .
kṛmikīṭapataṅgāśca vayāṃsi paśavo'surāḥ.
4. pitaraḥ munayaḥ devāḥ bhūtāni manujāḥ tathā
kṛmikīṭapataṅgāḥ ca vayāṃsi paśavaḥ asurāḥ
4. Ancestors, sages, gods, all beings, humans, and likewise worms, insects, flying insects, birds, animals, and demons...
गृहस्थमुपजीवन्ति ततस्तृप्तिं प्रयान्ति च ।
मुखं चास्य निरीक्षन्ते अपि नो दास्यतीति वै ॥५॥
5. gṛhasthamupajīvanti tatastṛptiṃ prayānti ca .
mukhaṃ cāsya nirīkṣante api no dāsyatīti vai.
5. gṛhastham upajīvanti tataḥ tṛptim prayānti ca
mukham ca asya nirīkṣante api naḥ dāsyati iti vai
5. All these [beings] depend on the householder (gṛhastha), and through him they achieve satisfaction. Indeed, they look towards him, [thinking,] 'Will he not give to us?'
सर्वस्याधारभूतेयं वत्स धेनुस्त्रयीमयी ।
यस्यां प्रतिष्ठितं विश्वं विश्वहेतुश्च या मता ॥६॥
6. sarvasyādhārabhūteyaṃ vatsa dhenustrayīmayī .
yasyāṃ pratiṣṭhitaṃ viśvaṃ viśvahetuśca yā matā.
6. sarvasya ādhārabhūtā iyam vatsa dhenuḥ trayīmayī
yasyām pratiṣṭhitam viśvam viśvahetuḥ ca yā matā
6. My child, this [householder's life] is the foundation of everything, this 'cow' (dhenu) which embodies the three Vedas. In her, the universe is established, and she is also regarded as the cause of the universe.
ऋक्पृष्ठासौ यजुर्मध्या सामवक्त्रशिरोधरा ।
इष्टापूर्तविषाणा च साधुसूक्ततनूरुहा ॥७॥
7. ṛkpṛṣṭhāsau yajurmadhyā sāmavaktraśirodharā .
iṣṭāpūrtaviṣāṇā ca sādhusūktatanūruhā.
7. ṛk pṛṣṭhā asau yajurmadhyā sāmavaktraśirodharā
iṣṭāpūrtaviṣāṇā ca sādhusūktatanūruhā
7. Her back is the Ṛgveda, her middle is the Yajurveda, and her mouth and head are the Sāmaveda. Her horns represent the Vedic sacrifices (iṣṭa) and public welfare deeds (pūrta), and her body hair is composed of virtuous hymns.
शान्तिपुष्टिशकृन्मूत्रा वर्णपादप्रतिष्ठिता ।
आजीव्यमाना जगतां साक्षया नापचीयते ॥८॥
8. śāntipuṣṭiśakṛnmūtrā varṇapādapratiṣṭhitā .
ājīvyamānā jagatāṃ sākṣayā nāpacīyate.
8. śāntipuṣṭiśakṛtmūtrā varṇapādapratiṣṭhitā
ājīvyamānā jagatām sā akṣayā na apacīyate
8. Her dung and urine bring peace and prosperity, and she is established with the four social classes (varṇa) as her feet. Though she provides sustenance for the worlds, she is imperishable and never diminishes.
स्वाहाकारस्वधाकारौ वषट्कारश्च पुत्रक ।
हन्तकारस्तथा चान्यस्तस्याःस्तनचतुष्टयम् ॥९॥
9. svāhākārasvadhākārau vaṣaṭkāraśca putraka .
hantakārastathā cānyastasyāḥstanacatuṣṭayam.
9. svāhākārasvadhākārau vaṣaṭkāraḥ ca putraka
hantakāraḥ tathā ca anyaḥ tasyāḥ stanacatuṣṭayam
9. O son! The recitations "svāhā" and "svadhā", the offering cry "vaṣaṭ", and similarly the other one, "hanta", are her four udders.
स्वाहाकारं स्तनं देवाः पितरश्च स्वधामयम् ।
मुनयश्च वषट्कारं देवभूतसुरेतराः ॥१०॥
10. svāhākāraṃ stanaṃ devāḥ pitaraśca svadhāmayam .
munayaśca vaṣaṭkāraṃ devabhūtasuretarāḥ.
10. svāhākāram stanam devāḥ pitaraḥ ca svadhāmayam
munayaḥ ca vaṣaṭkāram devabhūtasuretaraḥ
10. The gods are associated with the "svāhā" udder, and the ancestors with the one consisting of "svadhā". The sages are associated with the "vaṣaṭ" udder, and the gods, living beings (bhūta), and non-gods (sura-itara) are associated with the other (hanta) udder.
हन्तकारं मनुष्याश्च पिबन्ति सततं स्तनम् ।
एवमाप्याययत्येषा वत्स धेनुस्त्रयीमयी ॥११॥
11. hantakāraṃ manuṣyāśca pibanti satataṃ stanam .
evamāpyāyayatyeṣā vatsa dhenustrayīmayī.
11. hantakāram manuṣyāḥ ca pibanti satatam stanam
| evam āpyāyayati eṣā vatsa dhenuḥ trayīmayī
11. Humans constantly partake of its breast by making the 'hanta' offering (when giving food). Thus, O child, this cow, which embodies the three Vedas (trayī), truly nourishes them.
तेषामुच्छेदकर्ता च यो नरोऽत्यन्तपापकृत् ।
स तमस्यान्धतामिस्त्रे तामिस्त्रे च निमज्जति ॥१२॥
12. teṣāmucchedakartā ca yo naro'tyantapāpakṛt .
sa tamasyāndhatāmistre tāmistre ca nimajjati.
12. teṣām ucchedakartā ca yaḥ naraḥ atyantapāpakṛt
| saḥ tamasi andhatāmistre tāmistre ca nimajjati
12. And that man who is an extremely sinful destroyer of them (the nourished ones), he sinks into the deep darkness of Andhatāmisra and Tāmisra.
यश्चेमां मानवो धेनुं स्वैर्वत्सैरमरादिभिः ।
पाययत्युचिते काले स स्वर्गायोपपद्यते ॥१३॥
13. yaścemāṃ mānavo dhenuṃ svairvatsairamarādibhiḥ .
pāyayatyucite kāle sa svargāyopapadyate.
13. yaḥ ca imām mānavaḥ dhenum svaiḥ vatsaiḥ amarādibhiḥ
| pāyayati ucite kāle saḥ svargāya upapadyate
13. And whoever, as a human, causes this cow (of the Vedas) to be suckled by his own calves (dependents) and by gods and others, at the appropriate time, that person becomes fit for heaven.
तस्मात् पुत्र मनुष्येण देवर्षिपितृमानवाः ।
भूतानि चानुदिवसं पोष्याणि स्वतनुर्यथा ॥१४॥
14. tasmāt putra manuṣyeṇa devarṣipitṛmānavāḥ .
bhūtāni cānudivasaṃ poṣyāṇi svatanuryathā.
14. tasmāt putra manuṣyeṇa devarṣipitṛmānavāḥ |
bhūtāni ca anudivasam poṣyāṇi svatanuḥ yathā
14. Therefore, O child, a human being should daily nourish the gods, sages, ancestors, humans, and other living beings, just as one nourishes one's own body.
तस्मात् स्त्रातः शुचिर्भूत्वा देवर्षिपितृतर्पणम् ।
प्रजापतेस्तथैवादिभः काले कुर्यात् समाहितः ॥१५॥
15. tasmāt strātaḥ śucirbhūtvā devarṣipitṛtarpaṇam .
prajāpatestathaivādibhaḥ kāle kuryāt samāhitaḥ.
15. tasmāt snātaḥ śuciḥ bhūtvā devarṣipitṛtarpaṇam
prajāpateḥ tathā eva ādibhyaḥ kāle kuryāt samāhitaḥ
15. Therefore, having bathed and become pure, one should perform the offering (tarpaṇa) for the gods, sages, and ancestors. Similarly, one should make offerings for Prajāpati and others, at the appropriate time, with full concentration.
सुमनोगन्धपुष्पैश्च देवानभ्यर्च्य मानवः ।
ततोऽग्नेस्तर्पणं कुर्याद्देयाश्च बलयस्तथा ॥१६॥
16. sumanogandhapuṣpaiśca devānabhyarcya mānavaḥ .
tato'gnestarpaṇaṃ kuryāddeyāśca balayastathā.
16. sumanogandhapuṣpaiḥ ca devān abhyarcya mānavaḥ
tataḥ agneḥ tarpaṇam kuryāt deyāḥ ca balayaḥ tathā
16. A person, having worshipped the gods with fragrant and beautiful flowers, should then perform an offering (tarpaṇa) to Agni, and likewise, other oblations should be made.
ब्रह्मणे गृहमध्ये तु विश्वेदेवेभ्य एव च ।
धन्वन्तरिं समुद्दिश्य प्रागुदीच्यां बलिं क्षिपेत् ॥१७॥
17. brahmaṇe gṛhamadhye tu viśvedevebhya eva ca .
dhanvantariṃ samuddiśya prāgudīcyāṃ baliṃ kṣipet.
17. brahmaṇe gṛhamadhye tu viśvedevebhyaḥ eva ca |
dhanvantariṃ samudiśya prāgudīcyām balim kṣipet
17. Indeed, an offering should be made to Brahmā in the middle of the house, and also to the Viśvedevas. One should cast an oblation (bali) in the northeast direction, specifically for Dhanvantari.
प्राच्यां शक्राय याम्यायां यमाय बलिमाहरेत् ।
प्रतीच्यां वरुणायाथ सोमायोत्तरतो बलिम् ॥१८॥
18. prācyāṃ śakrāya yāmyāyāṃ yamāya balimāharet .
pratīcyāṃ varuṇāyātha somāyottarato balim.
18. prācyām śakrāya yāmyāyām yamāya balim āharet |
pratīcyām varuṇāya atha somāya uttarataḥ balim
18. One should offer an oblation (bali) to Indra in the east, and to Yama in the south. Then, an oblation should be offered to Varuṇa in the west, and to Soma in the north.
दद्याद्धात्रे विधात्रे बलिं द्वारे गृहस्य तु ।
अर्यम्णेऽथ बहिर्दद्याद् गृहेभ्यश्च समन्ततः ॥१९॥
19. dadyāddhātre vidhātre baliṃ dvāre gṛhasya tu .
aryamṇe'tha bahirdadyād gṛhebhyaśca samantataḥ.
19. dadyāt dhātre vidhātre balim dvāre gṛhasya tu
aryamṇe atha bahiḥ dadyāt gṛhebhyas ca samantataḥ
19. One should make an offering to Dhātṛ and Vidhātṛ at the door of the house. Then, outside, one should make an offering to Aryaman and to the household deities all around.
नक्तञ्चरेभ्यो भूतेभ्यो बलिमाकाशतो हरेत् ।
पितॄणां निर्वपेच्चैव दक्षिणाभिमुखस्थितः ॥२०॥
20. naktañcarebhyo bhūtebhyo balimākāśato haret .
pitṝṇāṃ nirvapeccaiva dakṣiṇābhimukhasthitaḥ.
20. naktañcarebhyas bhūtebhyas balim ākāśataḥ haret
pitṝṇām nirvapet ca eva dakṣiṇābhimukhasthitaḥ
20. One should offer a bali to the night-roaming spirits by placing it in the air. Standing facing south, one should then make an offering to the ancestors (pitṛs).
गृहस्थस्तत्परो भूत्वा सुसमाहितमानसः ।
ततस्तोयमुपादाय तेष्वेवाचमनाय वै ॥२१॥
21. gṛhasthastatparo bhūtvā susamāhitamānasaḥ .
tatastoyamupādāya teṣvevācamanāya vai.
21. gṛhasthaḥ tatparaḥ bhūtvā susamāhitamānasaḥ
tatas toyam upādāya teṣu eva ācamanāya vai
21. Having become diligently devoted to these rites with a well-composed mind, the householder should then take water to offer to those deities for their ritual purification (ācamana).
स्थानेषु निक्षिपेत् प्राज्ञस्तास्ता उद्दिश्य देवताः ।
एवं गृहबलिं कृत्वा गृहे हृहपतिः शुचिः ॥२२॥
22. sthāneṣu nikṣipet prājñastāstā uddiśya devatāḥ .
evaṃ gṛhabaliṃ kṛtvā gṛhe hṛhapatiḥ śuciḥ.
22. sthāneṣu nikṣipet prājñaḥ tās tāḥ uddiśya
devatāḥ evam gṛhabalim kṛtvā gṛhe gṛhapatiḥ śuciḥ
22. The wise householder, designating those very deities, should place (the water) in their respective places. Having thus performed the house offering (gṛhabali) in his home, the master of the house becomes pure.
आप्यायनाय भूतानां कुर्यादुत्सर्गमादरात् ।
श्वभ्यश्च श्वपचेभ्यश्च वयोभ्यश्चावपेद् भुवि ॥२३॥
23. āpyāyanāya bhūtānāṃ kuryādutsargamādarāt .
śvabhyaśca śvapacebhyaśca vayobhyaścāvaped bhuvi.
23. āpyāyanāya bhūtānām kuryāt utsargam ādarāt śvabhyaḥ
ca śvapacebhyaḥ ca vayobhyaḥ ca avapet bhuvi
23. For the nourishment of all beings, one should respectfully make an offering. One should scatter food on the ground for dogs, outcasts, and birds.
वैश्वदेवं हि नामैतत् सायं प्रातरुदाहृतम् ।
आचम्य च ततः कुर्यात् प्राज्ञो द्वारावलोकनम् ॥२४॥
24. vaiśvadevaṃ hi nāmaitat sāyaṃ prātarudāhṛtam .
ācamya ca tataḥ kuryāt prājño dvārāvalokanam.
24. vaiśvadevam hi nāma etat sāyam prātaḥ udāhṛtam
ācamya ca tataḥ kuryāt prājñaḥ dvārāvalokanam
24. Indeed, this (offering) is called Vaiśvadeva, which is prescribed for morning and evening. And thereafter, a wise person should perform ācamana and survey the entrance.
मुहूर्तस्याष्टमं भागमुदीक्ष्योऽप्यतिथिर्भवेत् ।
अतिथिं तत्र सम्प्राप्तमन्नाद्येनोदकेन च ॥२५॥
25. muhūrtasyāṣṭamaṃ bhāgamudīkṣyo'pyatithirbhavet .
atithiṃ tatra samprāptamannādyenodakena ca.
25. muhūrtasya aṣṭamam bhāgam udīkṣyaḥ api atithiḥ
bhavet atithim tatra samprāptam annādyena udakena ca
25. One should wait for a guest for an eighth part of a muhūrta (approximately six minutes). A guest who has arrived there should then be (honored) with food and water.
सम्पूजयेद्यथाशक्ति गन्धपुष्पादिभिस्तथा ।
न मित्रमतिथिं कुर्यान्नैकग्रामनिवासिनम् ॥२६॥
26. sampūjayedyathāśakti gandhapuṣpādibhistathā .
na mitramatithiṃ kuryānnaikagrāmanivāsinam.
26. sampūjayet yathāśakti gandhapuṣpādibhiḥ tathā
na mitram atithim kuryāt na ekagrāmanivāsinam
26. One should honor (the guest) according to one's ability, with fragrances, flowers, and other offerings. One should not consider a friend or a resident of the same village as a guest.
अज्ञातकुलनामानं तत्कालसमुपस्थितम् ।
बुभुक्षुमागतं श्रान्तं याचमानमकिञ्चनम् ॥२७॥
27. ajñātakulanāmānaṃ tatkālasamupasthitam .
bubhukṣumāgataṃ śrāntaṃ yācamānamakiñcanam.
27. ajñātakulanāmānam tatkālasamupasthitam
bubhukṣum āgatam śrāntam yācamānam akiñcanam
27. One whose family and name are unknown, who has arrived unexpectedly at that moment, hungry, weary, begging, and destitute -
ब्राह्मणं प्राहुरतिथिं स पूज्यः शक्तितो बुधैः ।
न पृच्छेद् गोत्रचरणं स्वाध्यायञ्चापि पण्डितः ॥२८॥
28. brāhmaṇaṃ prāhuratithiṃ sa pūjyaḥ śaktito budhaiḥ .
na pṛcched gotracaraṇaṃ svādhyāyañcāpi paṇḍitaḥ.
28. brāhmaṇam prāhuḥ atithim sa pūjyaḥ śaktitaḥ budhaiḥ
na pṛcchet gotracaraṇam svādhyāyam ca api paṇḍitaḥ
28. The wise (budhaiḥ) declare that such a brāhmin is an uninvited guest (atithi), and he should be honored (pūjyaḥ) according to one's ability (śaktitaḥ). A discerning person (paṇḍitaḥ) should not inquire about his lineage (gotra), traditional school (caraṇam), or personal Vedic study (svādhyāya).
शोभनाशोभनाकारं तं मन्येत प्रजापतिम् ।
अनित्यं हि स्थितो यस्मात् तस्मादतिथिरुच्यते ॥२९॥
29. śobhanāśobhanākāraṃ taṃ manyeta prajāpatim .
anityaṃ hi sthito yasmāt tasmādatithirucyate.
29. śobhana-aśobhana-ākāram tam manyeta prajāpatim
anityam hi sthitaḥ yasmāt tasmāt atithiḥ ucyate
29. One should consider him, whether of good or bad appearance, as Prajāpati (prajāpatim). For because he stays for an impermanent (short) time, he is therefore called an uninvited guest (atithi).
तस्मिंस्तृप्ते नृयज्ञोत्थादृणान्मुच्येद् गृहाश्रमी ।
तस्माद् अदत्त्वा यो भुङ्क्ते स्वयं किल्विषभुङ्नरः ॥३०॥
30. tasmiṃstṛpte nṛyajñotthādṛṇānmucyed gṛhāśramī .
tasmād adattvā yo bhuṅkte svayaṃ kilviṣabhuṅnaraḥ.
30. tasmin tṛpte nṛyajñotthāt ṛṇāt mucyet gṛhāśramī
tasmāt adattvā yaḥ bhuṅkte svayam kilviṣabhuk naraḥ
30. When that guest is satisfied, the householder (gṛhāśramī) is freed from the debt (ṛṇa) arising from the human ritual (nṛyajña). Therefore, any person (naraḥ) who eats without first giving (adattvā) himself partakes of sin (kilviṣabhuk).
स पापं केवलं भुङ्क्ते पुरीषञ्चान्यजन्मनि ।
अतिथिर्यस्य भग्नाशो गृहात् प्रतिनिवर्तते ॥३१॥
31. sa pāpaṃ kevalaṃ bhuṅkte purīṣañcānyajanmani .
atithiryasya bhagnāśo gṛhāt pratinivartate.
31. saḥ pāpam kevalam bhuṅkte purīṣam ca anya janmani
atithiḥ yasya bhagnāśaḥ gṛhāt pratinivartate
31. The person whose guest returns from their home with broken hopes experiences only sin and excrement in another birth.
स दत्त्वा दुष्कृतं तस्मै पुण्यमादाय गच्छति ।
अप्यम्बुशाकदानेन यद्वाप्यश्नाति स स्वयम् ॥३२॥
32. sa dattvā duṣkṛtaṃ tasmai puṇyamādāya gacchati .
apyambuśākadānena yadvāpyaśnāti sa svayam.
32. saḥ dattvā duṣkṛtam tasmai puṇyam ādāya gacchati
api ambu śāka dānena yad vā api aśnāti saḥ svayam
32. That guest, having given his misdeeds to the host, departs taking the host's merit (puṇya), even if the host himself eats only water and vegetables, or whatever little he has.
पूजयेत् तु नरः शक्त्या तेनैवातिथिमादरात् ।
कुर्याच्चाहरहः श्राद्धमन्नाद्येनोदकेन च ॥३३॥
33. pūjayet tu naraḥ śaktyā tenaivātithimādarāt .
kuryāccāharahaḥ śrāddhamannādyenodakena ca.
33. pūjayet tu naraḥ śaktyā tena eva atithim ādarāt
kuryāt ca aharahaḥ śrāddham annādyena udakena ca
33. Indeed, a person should honor a guest respectfully and to the best of his ability. And daily he should perform the śrāddha (śrāddha) ritual with food and water.
पितॄनुद्दिश्य विप्रांश्च भोजयेद्विप्रमेव वा ।
अन्नस्याग्रं तदुद्धृत्य ब्राह्मणायोपपादयेत् ॥३४॥
34. pitṝnuddiśya viprāṃśca bhojayedviprameva vā .
annasyāgraṃ taduddhṛtya brāhmaṇāyopapādayet.
34. pitṝn uddiśya viprān ca bhojayet vipram eva vā
annasya agram tat uddhṛtya brāhmaṇāya upapādayet
34. One should feed Brahmins, dedicating the meal to the ancestors, or even just one Brahmin. Having taken out the first portion of the food, one should offer that to a Brahmin.
भिक्षाञ्च याचतां दद्यात् परिव्राड्ब्रह्मचारिणाम् ।
ग्रासप्रमाणा भिक्षा स्यादग्रं ग्रासचतुष्टयम् ॥३५॥
35. bhikṣāñca yācatāṃ dadyāt parivrāḍbrahmacāriṇām .
grāsapramāṇā bhikṣā syādagraṃ grāsacatuṣṭayam.
35. bhikṣām ca yācatām dadyāt parivrāṭ brahmacāriṇām
grāsapramāṇā bhikṣā syāt agram grāsacatuṣṭayam
35. One should give alms (bhikṣā) to begging wandering ascetics (parivrāṭ) and celibate students (brahmacārin). The alms should be the size of a mouthful, and the best (agram) offering consists of four mouthfuls.
अग्रं चतुर्गुणं प्राहुर्हन्तकारं द्विजोत्तमाः ।
भोजनं हन्तकारं वा अग्रं भिक्षामथापि वा ॥३६॥
36. agraṃ caturguṇaṃ prāhurhantakāraṃ dvijottamāḥ .
bhojanaṃ hantakāraṃ vā agraṃ bhikṣāmathāpi vā.
36. agram caturguṇam prāhuḥ hantakāram dvijottamāḥ
bhojanam hantakāram vā agram bhikṣām atha api vā
36. The best among the twice-born (dvijottamaḥ) declare the "hantakāra" (ritual offering) to be four times the "agram" (best offering). This "hantakāra" can be in the form of a meal (bhojana) or indeed the best alms (bhikṣā).
अदत्त्वा तु न भोक्तव्यं यथाविभवमात्मनः ।
पूजयित्वातिथीनिष्टान् ज्ञातीन् बन्धूंस्तथार्थिनः ॥३७॥
37. adattvā tu na bhoktavyaṃ yathāvibhavamātmanaḥ .
pūjayitvātithīniṣṭān jñātīn bandhūṃstathārthinaḥ.
37. adattvā tu na bhoktavyam yathāvibhavam ātmanaḥ
pūjayitvā atithīn iṣṭān jñātīn bandhūn tathā arthinaḥ
37. One should not eat without first giving according to one's own means (ātman), after having honored guests, dear ones, relatives, friends, and also those who seek aid.
विकलान् बालवृद्धांश्च भोजयेच्चातुरांस्तथा ।
वाञ्छते क्षुत्परीतात्मा यच्चान्योऽन्नमकिञ्चनः ॥३८॥
38. vikalān bālavṛddhāṃśca bhojayeccāturāṃstathā .
vāñchate kṣutparītātmā yaccānyo'nnamakiñcanaḥ.
38. vikalān bāla-vṛddhān ca bhojayet ca āturān tathā
vāñchate kṣut-parīta-ātmaḥ yat ca anyaḥ annam akiñcanaḥ
38. (saḥ) vikalān bāla-vṛddhān ca āturān tathā (ca) bhojayet
yat ca anyaḥ akiñcanaḥ kṣut-parīta-ātmaḥ annam vāñchate
38. One should feed the disabled, children, the elderly, and the sick. Furthermore, whoever else is destitute, whose inner self (ātman) is afflicted by hunger, and who desires food, should also be fed.
कुटुम्बिना भोजनीयः समर्थे विभवे सति ।
श्रीमन्तं ज्ञातिमासाद्य यो ज्ञातिरवसीदति ॥३९॥
39. kuṭumbinā bhojanīyaḥ samarthe vibhave sati .
śrīmantaṃ jñātimāsādya yo jñātiravasīdati.
39. kuṭumbinā bhojanīyaḥ samarthe vibhave sati
śrīmantam jñātim āsādya yaḥ jñātiḥ avasīdati
39. When sufficient means (vibhava) are available, a person deserving of food should be fed by a householder (kuṭumbin). Furthermore, any relative (jñāti) who falls into distress (avasīdati) after approaching a wealthy relative (jñāti) (should be helped by that wealthy relative).
सीदता यद् कृतं तेन तत् पापं स समश्नुते ।
सायं चैव विधिः कार्यः सूर्योढं तत्र चातिथिम् ॥४०॥
40. sīdatā yad kṛtaṃ tena tat pāpaṃ sa samaśnute .
sāyaṃ caiva vidhiḥ kāryaḥ sūryoḍhaṃ tatra cātithim.
40. sīdatā yad kṛtam tena tat pāpam sa samaśnute sāyam
ca eva vidhiḥ kāryaḥ sūryoḍham tatra ca atithim
40. Whatever is done by a person who is distressed, he certainly incurs that sin. In the evening, a ritual should certainly be performed for a guest who has arrived at sunset.
पूजयीत यथाशक्ति शयनासनभोजनैः ।
एवमुद्दवहतस्तात गार्हस्थ्यं भारमाहितम् ॥४१॥
41. pūjayīta yathāśakti śayanāsanabhojanaiḥ .
evamuddavahatastāta gārhasthyaṃ bhāramāhitam.
41. pūjayīta yathāśakti śayanāsanabhojanaiḥ evam
udvahataḥ tāta gārhasthyam bhāram āhitam
41. One should honor [guests] according to one's capacity with resting places, seats, and food. O dear one (tāta), for the one who bears the imposed burden (bhāra) of the householder's life (gārhasthya)...
स्कन्धे विधाता देवाश्च पितरश्च महर्षयः ।
श्रेयोऽभिवर्षिणः सर्वे तथैवातिथिबान्धवाः ॥४२॥
42. skandhe vidhātā devāśca pitaraśca maharṣayaḥ .
śreyo'bhivarṣiṇaḥ sarve tathaivātithibāndhavāḥ.
42. skandhe vidhātā devāḥ ca pitaraḥ ca maharṣayaḥ
śreyaḥ abhivarṣiṇaḥ sarve tathā eva atithibāndhavāḥ
42. This burden is placed on his shoulder by the Creator, the gods, the ancestors, and the great sages. All of them, along with guests and relatives, bestow prosperity.
पशुपक्षिगणास्तृप्ता ये चान्ये सूक्ष्मकीटकाः ।
गाथाश्चात्र महाभाग स्वयमत्रिरगायत ॥४३॥
43. paśupakṣigaṇāstṛptā ye cānye sūkṣmakīṭakāḥ .
gāthāścātra mahābhāga svayamatriragāyata.
43. paśupakṣigaṇāḥ tṛptāḥ ye ca anye sūkṣmakīṭakāḥ
gāthāḥ ca atra mahābhāga svayam atriḥ agāyat
43. Groups of animals and birds are satisfied, and so are other tiny insects. O great one (mahābhāga), Atri himself sang these verses here.
ता शृणुष्व महाभाग गृहस्थाश्रमसंस्थिताः ।
देवान् पितॄंश्चातिथींश्च तद्वत् सम्पूज्य बान्धवान् ॥४४॥
44. tā śṛṇuṣva mahābhāga gṛhasthāśramasaṃsthitāḥ .
devān pitṝṃścātithīṃśca tadvat sampūjya bāndhavān.
44. tāḥ śṛṇuṣva mahābhāga gṛhasthāśramasaṃsthitāḥ
devān pitṝn ca atithīn ca tadvat sampūjya bāndhavān
44. O greatly fortunate one, listen to those duties that are observed by householders, who are established in the householder's stage of life (āśrama), having duly worshipped the gods, ancestors, guests, and similarly, their relatives.
जामयश्च गुरुञ्चैव गृहस्थो विभवे सति ।
श्वभ्यश्च श्वपचेभ्यश्च वयोभ्यश्चावपेद् भुवि ॥४५॥
45. jāmayaśca guruñcaiva gṛhastho vibhave sati .
śvabhyaśca śvapacebhyaśca vayobhyaścāvaped bhuvi.
45. jāmayaḥ ca gurum ca eva gṛhasthaḥ vibhave sati
śvabhyaḥ ca śvapachebhyaḥ ca vayobhyaḥ ca avapet bhuvi
45. If he possesses resources, a householder should likewise honor his sisters or female relatives and his preceptor (guru). He should also cast (food) upon the ground for dogs, for outcasts, and for birds.
वैश्वदेवं हि नामैतत् कुर्यात् सायं तथा दिने ।
मांसमन्नं तथा शाकं गृहे यच्चोपसाधितम् ।
न च तत् स्वयमश्नीयाद्विधिवद्यन्न निर्वपेत् ॥४६॥
46. vaiśvadevaṃ hi nāmaitat kuryāt sāyaṃ tathā dine .
māṃsamannaṃ tathā śākaṃ gṛhe yaccopasādhitam .
na ca tat svayamaśnīyādvidhivadyanna nirvapet.
46. vaiśvadevam hi nāma etat kuryāt sāyam
tathā dine māṃsam annam tathā śākam
gṛhe yat ca upasādhitam na ca tat
svayam aśnīyāt vidhivat yat na nirvapet
46. Indeed, this rite, known as Vaiśvadeva, should be performed both in the evening and during the day. Whatever meat, food, and vegetables are prepared in the house, one should not consume them oneself without having duly offered them according to the prescribed method.

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