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मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्       mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-54

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क्रौष्टुकिरुवाच ।
कतिद्वीपाः समुद्रा वा पर्वता वा कति द्विज ।
कियन्ति चैव वर्षाणि तेषां नद्यश्च का मुने ॥१॥
1. krauṣṭukiruvāca .
katidvīpāḥ samudrā vā parvatā vā kati dvija .
kiyanti caiva varṣāṇi teṣāṃ nadyaśca kā mune.
1. krauṣṭukiḥ uvāca kati dvīpāḥ samudrāḥ vā parvatāḥ vā kati
dvija kiyanti ca eva varṣāṇi teṣām nadyaḥ ca kā mune
1. Krauṣṭuki said: "O Brahmin (dvija), how many islands are there? How many oceans? How many mountains? And indeed, O sage, how many regions (varṣāṇi) are there, and what are their rivers?"
महाभूतप्रमाणञ्च लोकालोकन्तथैव च ।
पर्यासं परिमाणञ्च गतिञ्चन्द्रार्कयोरपि ॥२॥
2. mahābhūtapramāṇañca lokālokantathaiva ca .
paryāsaṃ parimāṇañca gatiñcandrārkayorapi.
2. mahābhūtapramāṇam ca lokālokam tathā eva ca
paryāsam parimāṇam ca gatim candrārkayoḥ api
2. And the measure of the great elements (mahābhūta), and similarly the Lokāloka mountain; their extent, their dimension, and also the movement of the moon and the sun.
एतत् प्रब्रूहि मे
सर्वं विस्तरेण महामुने ॥३॥
3. etat prabrūhi me sarvaṃ
vistareṇa mahāmune.
3. etat prabrūhi me sarvam
vistareṇa mahāmune
3. O great sage (mahāmuni), please explain all this to me in detail.
मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
शतार्धकोटिविस्तारा पृथिवी कृत्स्त्रशो द्विज ।
तस्या हि स्थानमखिलं कथयामि शृणुष्व तत् ॥४॥
4. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca .
śatārdhakoṭivistārā pṛthivī kṛtstraśo dvija .
tasyā hi sthānamakhilaṃ kathayāmi śṛṇuṣva tat.
4. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca śatārdhakoṭivistārā pṛthivī kṛtsnaśaḥ
dvija tasyāḥ hi sthānam akhilam kathayāmi śṛṇuṣva tat
4. Markaṇḍeya said: "O Brahmin (dvija), the earth (pṛthivī) has an entire extent of fifty million. Indeed, I will describe its complete layout (sthānam akhilam); listen to that."
ये ते द्वीपा मया प्रोक्ता जम्बुद्वीपादयो द्विज ।
पुष्करान्ता महाभाग शृण्वेषां विस्तरं पुनः ॥५॥
5. ye te dvīpā mayā proktā jambudvīpādayo dvija .
puṣkarāntā mahābhāga śṛṇveṣāṃ vistaraṃ punaḥ.
5. ye te dvīpāḥ mayā proktāḥ jambudvīpādayaḥ dvija
puṣkarāntāḥ mahābhāga śṛṇu eṣām vistaram punaḥ
5. O twice-born (dvija), O greatly fortunate one, listen again to the detailed description of those islands, starting with Jambudvīpa and concluding with Puṣkara, which I have already explained.
द्वीपात् तु द्विगुणो द्वीपो जम्बुः प्लक्षोऽथ शाल्मलः ।
कुशः क्रौञ्चस्तथा शाकः पुष्करद्वीप एव च ॥६॥
6. dvīpāt tu dviguṇo dvīpo jambuḥ plakṣo'tha śālmalaḥ .
kuśaḥ krauñcastathā śākaḥ puṣkaradvīpa eva ca.
6. dvīpāt tu dviguṇaḥ dvīpaḥ jambuḥ plakṣaḥ atha śālmalaḥ
kuśaḥ krauñcaḥ tathā śākaḥ puṣkaradvīpaḥ eva ca
6. Indeed, each successive island, starting with Jambudvīpa, is twice the size of the one preceding it. These are Plakṣa, then Śālmala, Kuśa, Krauñca, and also Śāka, and Puṣkaradvīpa.
लवणेक्षु-सुरा-सर्पिर्दधि-दुग्धःजलाब्धिभिः ।
द्विगुणैर्द्विगुणैर्वृद्ध्या सर्वतः परिवेष्टिताः ॥७॥
7. lavaṇekṣu-surā-sarpirdadhi-dugdhaḥjalābdhibhiḥ .
dviguṇairdviguṇairvṛddhyā sarvataḥ pariveṣṭitāḥ.
7. lavaṇekṣusurāsarpirdadhidugdhajalābdhibhiḥ
dviguṇaiḥ dviguṇaiḥ vṛddhyā sarvataḥ pariveṣṭitāḥ
7. They are surrounded on all sides by oceans of salt, sugarcane juice, wine, ghee, curds, milk, and water, each ocean successively increasing in size to twice that of the preceding one.
जम्बुद्वीपस्य संस्थानं प्रवक्ष्येऽहं निबोध मे ।
लक्षमेकं योजनानां वृत्तौ विस्तारदैर्घ्यतः ॥८॥
8. jambudvīpasya saṃsthānaṃ pravakṣye'haṃ nibodha me .
lakṣamekaṃ yojanānāṃ vṛttau vistāradairghyataḥ.
8. jambudvīpasya saṃsthānam pravakṣye aham nibodha me
lakṣam ekam yojanānām vṛttau vistāradairghyataḥ
8. I will now describe the configuration of Jambudvīpa; listen from me. Its circumference, as well as its breadth and length, is one hundred thousand yojanas.
हिमवान् हेमकूटश्च ऋषभो मेरुरेव च ।
नीलः श्वेतस्तथा शृङ्गी सप्तास्मिन् वर्षपर्वताः ॥९॥
9. himavān hemakūṭaśca ṛṣabho merureva ca .
nīlaḥ śvetastathā śṛṅgī saptāsmin varṣaparvatāḥ.
9. himavān hemakūṭaḥ ca ṛṣabhaḥ meruḥ eva ca nīlaḥ
śvetaḥ tathā śṛṅgī sapta asmin varṣaparvatāḥ
9. Himavān, Hemakūṭa, Ṛṣabha, Meru, Nīla, Śveta, and Śṛṅgī – these seven are the primary mountain ranges (varṣaparvatas) in this land.
द्वौ लक्षयोजनायामौ मध्ये तत्र महाचलौ ।
तयोर्दक्षिणतो यौ तु यौ तथोत्तरतो गिरी ॥१०॥
10. dvau lakṣayojanāyāmau madhye tatra mahācalau .
tayordakṣiṇato yau tu yau tathottarato girī.
10. dvau lakṣayojanāyāmau madhye tatra mahācalau
tayoḥ dakṣiṇataḥ yau tu yau tathā uttarataḥ girī
10. In the middle, there are two great mountains (mahācalau), each extending for a hundred thousand yojanas. Additionally, there are two mountains to their south and two to their north.
दशभिर्दशभिर्न्यूनैः सहस्रैस्तैः परस्परम् ।
द्विसाहस्त्रोच्छ्रयाः सर्वे तावद्विस्तारिणश्च ते ॥११॥
11. daśabhirdaśabhirnyūnaiḥ sahasraistaiḥ parasparam .
dvisāhastrocchrayāḥ sarve tāvadvistāriṇaśca te.
11. daśabhiḥ daśabhiḥ nyūnaiḥ sahasraiḥ taiḥ parasparam
dvisāhasrocchrayāḥ sarve tāvat vistāriṇaḥ ca te
11. Each of them, in succession, is shorter by ten thousand yojanas than the preceding one. All of these (mountains) are two thousand yojanas in height and also possess that same extent (width).
समुद्रान्तः प्रविष्टाश्च षडस्मिन् वर्षपर्वताः ।
दक्षिणोत्तरतो निम्ना मध्ये तुङ्गायता क्षितिः ॥१२॥
12. samudrāntaḥ praviṣṭāśca ṣaḍasmin varṣaparvatāḥ .
dakṣiṇottarato nimnā madhye tuṅgāyatā kṣitiḥ.
12. samudrāntaḥ praviṣṭāḥ ca ṣaṭ asmin varṣaparvatāḥ
dakṣiṇottarataḥ nimnā madhye tuṅgāyatā kṣitiḥ
12. And six of these primary mountain ranges (varṣaparvatas) penetrate into the ocean. The land (kṣiti) is lower in the south and north, but high and elongated in the middle.
वेद्यर्धे दक्षिमे त्रीणि त्रीणि वर्षाणि चोत्तरे ।
इलावृतं तयोर्मध्ये चन्द्रार्धाकारवत् स्थितम् ॥१३॥
13. vedyardhe dakṣime trīṇi trīṇi varṣāṇi cottare .
ilāvṛtaṃ tayormadhye candrārdhākāravat sthitam.
13. vedyardhe dakṣime trīṇi trīṇi varṣāṇi ca uttare
ilāvṛtam tayoḥ madhye candrārdhākāravat sthitam
13. In the southern part (of the cosmic altar-like region), there are three continents (varṣa), and three (continents) are also in the northern part. Ilāvṛta is situated between them, shaped like a half-moon.
ततः पूर्वेण भद्राश्वं केतुमालञ्च पश्चिमे ।
इलावृतस्य मध्ये तु मेरुः कनकपर्वतः ॥१४॥
14. tataḥ pūrveṇa bhadrāśvaṃ ketumālañca paścime .
ilāvṛtasya madhye tu meruḥ kanakaparvataḥ.
14. tataḥ pūrveṇa bhadrāśvam ketumālam ca paścime
ilāvṛtasya madhye tu meruḥ kanakaparvataḥ
14. Then, to the east (of Ilāvṛta) is the Bhadrāśva region, and Ketumāla is to the west. But in the very center of Ilāvṛta is Mount Meru, the golden mountain.
चतुरशीतिसाहस्त्रस्तस्योच्छ्रायो महागिरेः ।
प्रविष्टः षोडशाधस्ताद्विस्तीर्णः षोडशैव तु ॥१५॥
15. caturaśītisāhastrastasyocchrāyo mahāgireḥ .
praviṣṭaḥ ṣoḍaśādhastādvistīrṇaḥ ṣoḍaśaiva tu.
15. caturaśītisāhasraḥ tasya ucchrāyaḥ mahāgireḥ
praviṣṭaḥ ṣoḍaśa adhastāt vistīrṇaḥ ṣoḍaśa eva tu
15. The height of that great mountain (Meru) is eighty-four thousand (yojanas). Sixteen (thousand yojanas) of it are submerged below (the surface), and it is indeed sixteen (thousand yojanas) wide (at its base).
शरावसंस्थितत्वाच्च द्वात्रिंशन्मूर्ध्नि विस्तृतः ।
शुक्लः पीतोऽसितो रक्तः प्राच्यादिषु यथाक्रमम् ॥१६॥
16. śarāvasaṃsthitatvācca dvātriṃśanmūrdhni vistṛtaḥ .
śuklaḥ pīto'sito raktaḥ prācyādiṣu yathākramam.
16. śarāvasaṃsthitatvāt ca dvātriṃśat mūrdhni vistṛtaḥ
śuklaḥ pītaḥ asitaḥ raktaḥ pracyādiṣu yathākramam
16. And because its form is like a dish, it is thirty-two (thousand yojanas) wide at its summit. Its colors are white, yellow, black, and red, respectively, in the eastern and other directions.
विप्रो वैश्यस्तथा शूद्रः क्षत्रियश्च स्ववर्णतः ।
तस्योपरि तथैवाष्टौ पुर्यो दिक्षु यथाक्रमम् ॥१७॥
17. vipro vaiśyastathā śūdraḥ kṣatriyaśca svavarṇataḥ .
tasyopari tathaivāṣṭau puryo dikṣu yathākramam.
17. vipraḥ vaiśyaḥ tathā śūdraḥ kṣatriyaḥ ca sva-varṇataḥ
| tasya upari tathā eva aṣṭau puryaḥ dikṣu yathākramam
17. The Brāhmaṇa, the Vaiśya, the Śūdra, and the Kṣatriya, each according to their own social class (varṇa), are situated. Above that, similarly, there are eight cities (purī) in the cardinal and intermediate directions, in their respective order.
इन्द्रादिलोकपालानां तन्मध्ये ब्रह्मणः सभा ।
योजनानां सहस्राणि चतुर्दश समुच्छ्रिता ॥१८॥
18. indrādilokapālānāṃ tanmadhye brahmaṇaḥ sabhā .
yojanānāṃ sahasrāṇi caturdaśa samucchritā.
18. indra-ādi-loka-pālānām tat-madhye brahmaṇaḥ
sabhā | yojanānām sahasrāṇi caturdaśa samucchritā
18. In the middle of the regions of Indra and the other protectors of the world (lokapāla), there is the assembly hall (sabhā) of Brahmā. It is elevated by fourteen thousand yojanas.
अयुतोच्छ्रायास्तस्याधस्तथा विषकम्भवर्वताः ।
प्राच्यादिषु क्रमेणैव मन्दरो गन्धमादनः ॥१९॥
19. ayutocchrāyāstasyādhastathā viṣakambhavarvatāḥ .
prācyādiṣu krameṇaiva mandaro gandhamādanaḥ.
19. ayuta-ucchrāyāḥ tasya adhaḥ tathā viṣakambha-parvatāḥ
| prācya-ādiṣu krameṇa eva mandaraḥ gandhamādanaḥ
19. Below that [assembly hall of Brahmā], similarly, are the Viṣakambha mountains, which are ten thousand [yojanas] high. In the eastern and other directions, in their proper order, are Mandara and Gandhamādana.
विपुलश्च सुपार्श्वश्च केतुपादपशोभिताः ।
कदम्बो मन्दरे केतुर्जम्बुव गन्धमादने ॥२०॥
20. vipulaśca supārśvaśca ketupādapaśobhitāḥ .
kadambo mandare keturjambuva gandhamādane.
20. vipulaḥ ca suparśvaḥ ca ketu-pādapa-śobhitāḥ |
kadambaḥ mandare ketuḥ jambuḥ ca gandhamādane
20. Vipula and Supārśva [are the other two mountains], which are adorned with banner-trees (ketupādapa). The Kadamba tree [is found] on Mandara, and the Ketu tree and Jambu tree [are found] on Gandhamādana.
विपुले च तथाश्वत्थः सुपार्श्वे च वटो महान् ।
एकादशशतायामा योजनानामिमे नगाः ॥२१॥
21. vipule ca tathāśvatthaḥ supārśve ca vaṭo mahān .
ekādaśaśatāyāmā yojanānāmime nagāḥ.
21. vipule ca tathā aśvatthaḥ supārśve ca vaṭaḥ
mahān ekādaśaśatāyāmāḥ yojanānām ime nagāḥ
21. And similarly, there is a vast aśvattha tree (aśvattha) and a great banyan tree (vaṭa) on Supārśva. These trees (naga) are eleven hundred yojanas in length.
जठरो देवकूटश्च पूर्वस्यां दिशि पर्वतौ ।
आनीलनिषधौ प्राप्तौ परस्परनिरन्तरौ ॥२२॥
22. jaṭharo devakūṭaśca pūrvasyāṃ diśi parvatau .
ānīlaniṣadhau prāptau parasparanirantarau.
22. jaṭharaḥ devakūṭaḥ ca pūrvasyām diśi parvatau
ānīlaniṣadhau prāptau parasparanirantarau
22. Jaṭhara and Devakūṭa are two mountains in the eastern direction. They extend up to the Nīla and Niṣadha mountains, being contiguous with each other and continuous throughout.
निषधः पारियात्रश्च मेरोः पार्श्वे तु पश्चिमे ।
यथा पूर्वौ तथा चैतावानीलनिषधायतौ ॥२३॥
23. niṣadhaḥ pāriyātraśca meroḥ pārśve tu paścime .
yathā pūrvau tathā caitāvānīlaniṣadhāyatau.
23. niṣadhaḥ pāriyātraḥ ca meroḥ pārśve tu paścime
yathā pūrvau tathā ca etau ānīlaniṣadhāyatū
23. Niṣadha and Pāriyātra are, however, on the western side of (Mount) Meru. Just as the former two (mountains) were, so too are these two extended up to Nīla and Niṣadha.
कैलासो हिमवांश्चैव दक्षिणेन महाचलौ ।
पूर्वपश्चायतावेतावर्णवान्तर्व्यवस्थितौ ॥२४॥
24. kailāso himavāṃścaiva dakṣiṇena mahācalau .
pūrvapaścāyatāvetāvarṇavāntarvyavasthitau.
24. kailāsaḥ himavān ca eva dakṣiṇena mahācalau
pūrvapaścāyatau etau arṇavāntarvyavasthitau
24. Kailāsa and Himavān are indeed two great mountains to the south. These two extend from east to west and are situated between the oceans.
शृङ्गवान् जारुधिश्चैव तथैवोत्तरपर्वतौ ।
यतैव दक्षिणे तद्वदर्णप्वान्तर्व्यवस्थितौ ॥२५॥
25. śṛṅgavān jārudhiścaiva tathaivottaraparvatau .
yataiva dakṣiṇe tadvadarṇapvāntarvyavasthitau.
25. śṛṅgavān jārudhiḥ ca eva tathā eva uttaraparvatau
yathā iva dakṣiṇe tadvat arṇapvāntarvyavasthitau
25. The Śṛṅgavān and Jārudhi mountains are indeed the two northern mountains. Just as those in the south, they are similarly situated within the ocean.
मर्यादापर्वता ह्येते कथ्यन्तेऽष्टौ द्विजोत्तम ।
हिमवद्धेमकूटादिपर्वतानां परस्परम् ॥२६॥
26. maryādāparvatā hyete kathyante'ṣṭau dvijottama .
himavaddhemakūṭādiparvatānāṃ parasparam.
26. maryādāparvatāḥ hi ete kathyante aṣṭau dvijottama
himavaddhemakūṭādiparvatānām parasparam
26. O best among the twice-born (dvija), these eight are indeed called the boundary mountains (maryādāparvata), [serving as boundaries] between mountains such as Himavat, Hemakūṭa, and others.
नवयोजनसाहस्त्रं प्रागुदग्दक्षिणोत्तरम् ।
मेरोरिलावृते तद्वदन्तरे वै चतुर्दिशम् ॥२७॥
27. navayojanasāhastraṃ prāgudagdakṣiṇottaram .
merorilāvṛte tadvadantare vai caturdiśam.
27. navayojanasāhasram prāgudagdakṣiṇottaram
meroḥ ilāvṛte tadvat antare vai caturdiśam
27. Nine thousand yojanas is the extent in the east-north and south-north directions. Similarly, from Mount Meru, within Ilāvṛta-varṣa, this extent is indeed in all four directions.
फलानि यानि वै जम्ब्वाः गन्धमादनपर्वते ।
गजदेहप्रमाणानि पतन्ति गिरिमूर्धनि ॥२८॥
28. phalāni yāni vai jambvāḥ gandhamādanaparvate .
gajadehapramāṇāni patanti girimūrdhani.
28. phalāni yāni vai jambvāḥ gandhamādanaparvate
gajadehapramāṇāni patanti girimūrdhani
28. Indeed, the fruits of the Jambu tree, which are on the Gandhamādana mountain, are the size of an elephant's body, and they fall onto the mountain peaks.
तेषां स्त्रावात् प्रभवति ख्याता जम्बूनदीति वै ।
यत्र जाम्बूनदं नाम कनकं सम्प्रजायते ॥२९॥
29. teṣāṃ strāvāt prabhavati khyātā jambūnadīti vai .
yatra jāmbūnadaṃ nāma kanakaṃ samprajāyate.
29. teṣām strāvāt prabhavati khyātā jambūnadī iti
vai | yatra jāmbūnadam nāma kanakam samprajāyate
29. From their (teṣām) discharge (strāvāt) originates the renowned river Jambūnadi. There, gold (kanakam) named Jāmbūnada is produced.
सा परिक्रम्य वै मेरुं जम्बूमूलं पुनर्नदी ।
विशति द्विजशार्दूल पीयमाना जनैश्च तैः ॥३०॥
30. sā parikramya vai meruṃ jambūmūlaṃ punarnadī .
viśati dvijaśārdūla pīyamānā janaiśca taiḥ.
30. sā parikramya vai merum jambūmūlam punaḥ nadī
| viśati dvijaśārdūla pīyamānā janaiḥ ca taiḥ
30. That river (nadī), O best among twice-born (dvijaśārdūla), indeed (vai), after circumambulating (parikramya) Mount Meru and the base of the Jambu tree, then (punaḥ) enters [the ocean], being drunk by those (taiḥ) people (janaiḥ).
भद्राश्वेऽश्वशिरा विष्णुर्भारते कूर्मसंस्थितिः ।
वराहः केतुमाले च मत्स्यरूपस्तथोत्तरे ॥३१॥
31. bhadrāśve'śvaśirā viṣṇurbhārate kūrmasaṃsthitiḥ .
varāhaḥ ketumāle ca matsyarūpastathottare.
31. bhadrāśve aśvaśirāḥ viṣṇuḥ bhārate kūrmasaṃsthitiḥ
| varāhaḥ ketumāle ca matsyarūpaḥ tathā uttare
31. In Bhadrāśva, Viṣṇu is present as Hayagrīva (Aśvaśirāḥ). In Bhārata, He is in the form of a tortoise (kūrmasaṃsthitiḥ). In Ketumāla, He is Varāha, and similarly (tathā), in Uttara(kuru), He is in the form of a fish (matsyarūpaḥ).
तेषु नक्षत्रविन्यासाद्विषयाः समवस्थिताः ।
चतुर्ष्वपि द्विजश्रेष्ठ ग्रहाभिभवपाठकाः ॥३२॥
32. teṣu nakṣatravinyāsādviṣayāḥ samavasthitāḥ .
caturṣvapi dvijaśreṣṭha grahābhibhavapāṭhakāḥ.
32. teṣu nakṣatravinyāsāt viṣayāḥ samavasthitāḥ |
caturṣu api dvijaśreṣṭha grahābhibhavapāṭhakāḥ
32. In those [regions], the conditions (viṣayāḥ) are established (samavasthitāḥ) according to the stellar configurations (nakṣatravinyāsāt). O best among twice-born (dvijaśreṣṭha), even in these four (caturṣv api) [regions], there are those who understand the influence of planets (grahābhibhavapāṭhakāḥ).

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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 (current chapter) Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134