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मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्       mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-27

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जड उवाच ।
एवमुल्लाप्यमानस्तु स तु मात्रा दिने दिने ।
ववृधे वयसा बालो बुद्ध्या चालर्कसंज्ञितः ॥१॥
1. jaḍa uvāca .
evamullāpyamānastu sa tu mātrā dine dine .
vavṛdhe vayasā bālo buddhyā cālarkasaṃjñitaḥ.
1. jaḍaḥ uvāca evam ullāpyamānaḥ tu saḥ tu mātrā dine
dine vavṛdhe vayasā bālaḥ buddhyā ca alarkasaṃjñitaḥ
1. Jaḍa said: Thus being admonished by his mother day by day, the boy, named Alarka, grew in age and intellect.
स कौमारकमासाद्य ऋतध्वजसुतस्ततः ।
कृतोपनयनः प्राज्ञः प्रणिपत्याह मातरम् ॥२॥
2. sa kaumārakamāsādya ṛtadhvajasutastataḥ .
kṛtopanayanaḥ prājñaḥ praṇipatyāha mātaram.
2. saḥ kaumārakam āsādya ṛtadhvajasutaḥ tataḥ
kṛtopanayanaḥ prājñaḥ praṇipatya āha mātaram
2. The wise son of Ṛtadhvaja, having attained youth and undergone his initiation ceremony (upanayana), then bowed and spoke to his mother.
मया यदत्र कर्तव्यमैहिकामुष्मिकाय वै ।
सुखाय वद तत् सर्वं प्रश्रयावनतस्य मे ॥३॥
3. mayā yadatra kartavyamaihikāmuṣmikāya vai .
sukhāya vada tat sarvaṃ praśrayāvanatasya me.
3. mayā yat atra kartavyam aihikāmuṣmikāya vai
sukhāya vada tat sarvam praśrayāvanatasya me
3. Tell me, who is humbly bowed, all that I should do here for the sake of happiness in this world and the next.
मदालसोवाच ।
वत्स राज्येऽभिषिक्तेन प्रजारञ्जनमादितः ।
कर्तव्यमविरोधेन स्वधर्मस्य महीभृता ॥४॥
4. madālasovāca .
vatsa rājye'bhiṣiktena prajārañjanamāditaḥ .
kartavyamavirodhena svadharmasya mahībhṛtā.
4. madālasā uvāca vatsa rājye abhiṣiktena prajārañjanam
āditaḥ kartavyam avirodhena svadharmasya mahībhṛtā
4. Madālasā said: "O son, a king (mahībhṛt), having been consecrated (abhiṣikta) in the kingdom, must, from the very beginning, strive to please his subjects, without violating his own intrinsic nature (svadharma)."
व्यसनानि परित्यज्य सप्त मूलहराणि वै ।
आत्मा रिपुभ्यः संरक्ष्यो बहिर्मन्त्रविनिर्गमात् ॥५॥
5. vyasanāni parityajya sapta mūlaharāṇi vai .
ātmā ripubhyaḥ saṃrakṣyo bahirmantravinirgamāt.
5. vyasanāni parityajya sapta mūlaharāṇi vai ātmā
ripubhyaḥ saṃrakṣyaḥ bahiḥ mantravinirgamāt
5. Having given up the seven vices that destroy the very foundation, one's self (ātman) must be protected from enemies, especially from the disclosure of secret counsel.
अष्टधा नाशमाप्नोति सुचक्रात् स्यन्दनाद्यथा ।
तथा राजाप्यसन्दिग्धं बहिर्मन्त्रविनिर्गमात् ॥६॥
6. aṣṭadhā nāśamāpnoti sucakrāt syandanādyathā .
tathā rājāpyasandigdhaṃ bahirmantravinirgamāt.
6. aṣṭadhā nāśam āpnoti sucakrāt syandanāt yathā
tathā rājā api asandigdham bahiḥ mantravinirgamāt
6. Just as a chariot, even with its good wheels, can suffer destruction in eight ways, similarly, a king also undoubtedly suffers (destruction) from the external leaking of secret counsel.
दुष्टादुष्टांश्च जानीयादमात्यानरिदोषतः ।
चरैश्चरास्तथा शत्रोरन्वेष्टव्याः प्रयत्नतः ॥७॥
7. duṣṭāduṣṭāṃśca jānīyādamātyānaridoṣataḥ .
caraiścarāstathā śatroranveṣṭavyāḥ prayatnataḥ.
7. duṣṭān aduṣṭān ca jānīyāt amātyān aridoṣataḥ
caraiḥ carāḥ tathā śatroḥ anveṣṭavyāḥ prayatnataḥ
7. One should ascertain ministers, both corrupt and incorrupt, by observing how the enemies exploit their weaknesses. Similarly, the enemy's spies (cara) should be diligently sought out by means of (one's own) spies (cara).
विश्वासो न तु कर्तव्यो राज्ञा मित्राप्तबन्धुषु ।
कार्ययोगादमित्रेऽपि विश्वसीत नराधिपः ॥८॥
8. viśvāso na tu kartavyo rājñā mitrāptabandhuṣu .
kāryayogādamitre'pi viśvasīta narādhipaḥ.
8. viśvāsaḥ na tu kartavyaḥ rājñā mitrāptabandhuṣu
kāryayogāt amitre api viśvasīta narādhipaḥ
8. However, a king should not place trust in friends, trusted associates, or relatives. But even in an enemy, a ruler (narādhipa) may place trust if the exigencies of a task require it.
स्थानवृद्धिक्षयज्ञेन षाड्गुण्यगुणितात्माना ।
भवितव्यं नरेन्द्रेण न कामवशवर्तिना ॥९॥
9. sthānavṛddhikṣayajñena ṣāḍguṇyaguṇitātmānā .
bhavitavyaṃ narendreṇa na kāmavaśavartinā.
9. sthānavṛddhikṣayajñena ṣāḍguṇyaguṇitātmanā
bhavitavyam narendreṇa na kāmavaśavartinā
9. A king should be someone who understands the state of affairs, including expansion and decline, and who possesses the six political strategies. He must not be one who is controlled by desire (kāma).
प्रागात्मा मन्त्रिणश्चैव ततो भृत्या महीभृता ।
जेयाश्चानन्तरं पौरा विरुध्येत ततोऽरिभिः ॥१०॥
10. prāgātmā mantriṇaścaiva tato bhṛtyā mahībhṛtā .
jeyāścānantaraṃ paurā virudhyeta tato'ribhiḥ.
10. prāk ātmā mantriṇaḥ ca eva tataḥ bhṛtyāḥ mahībhṛtā
jeyāḥ ca anantaram paurāḥ virudhyeta tataḥ aribhiḥ
10. A king (mahībhṛtā) must first conquer his own self (ātman) and his ministers. Then, he should conquer his servants, and immediately after that, his citizens. Only after these internal conquests should he engage in conflict with external enemies.
यस्त्वेतानविजित्यैव वैरिणो विजिगीषते ।
सोऽजितात्मा जितामात्यः शत्रुवर्गेण बाध्यते ॥११॥
11. yastvetānavijityaiva vairiṇo vijigīṣate .
so'jitātmā jitāmātyaḥ śatruvargeṇa bādhyate.
11. yaḥ tu etān avijitya eva vairiṇaḥ vijigīṣate
saḥ ajitātmā jitāmātyaḥ śatruvargena bādhyate
11. However, whoever seeks to conquer external enemies without first having conquered these internal ones (self, ministers, servants, and citizens), that person, whose own self (ātman) remains unconquered and whose ministers have been overcome, is tormented by the hostile factions.
तस्मात् कामादयः पूर्वं जेयाः पुत्र महीभुजा ।
तज्जये हि जयोऽवश्यं राजा नश्यति तैर्जितः ॥१२॥
12. tasmāt kāmādayaḥ pūrvaṃ jeyāḥ putra mahībhujā .
tajjaye hi jayo'vaśyaṃ rājā naśyati tairjitaḥ.
12. tasmāt kāmādayaḥ pūrvam jeyāḥ putra mahībhujā
tajjaye hi jayaḥ avaśyam rājā naśyati taiḥ jitaḥ
12. Therefore, O son, a king must first conquer desire (kāma) and other such vices. Indeed, in conquering them, victory is assured, but a king who is overcome by these vices certainly perishes.
कामः क्रोधश्च लोभश्च मदो मानस्तथैव च ।
हर्षश्च शत्रवो ह्येते विनाशाय महीभृताम् ॥१३॥
13. kāmaḥ krodhaśca lobhaśca mado mānastathaiva ca .
harṣaśca śatravo hyete vināśāya mahībhṛtām.
13. kāmaḥ krodhaḥ ca lobhaḥ ca madaḥ mānaḥ tathā eva
ca harṣaḥ ca śatravaḥ hi ete vināśāya mahībhṛtām
13. Desire, anger, greed, arrogance, pride, and also excessive joy - these are indeed the enemies that lead to the ruin of kings.
कामप्रसक्तमात्मानं स्मृत्वा पाण्डुं निपातितम् ।
निवर्तयेत्तथा क्रोधादनुह्रादं हतात्मजम् ॥१४॥
14. kāmaprasaktamātmānaṃ smṛtvā pāṇḍuṃ nipātitam .
nivartayettathā krodhādanuhrādaṃ hatātmajam.
14. kāmaprasaktam ātmānam smṛtvā pāṇḍum nipātitam
nivartayet tathā krodhāt anuhrādam hatātmajam
14. One should turn away from desire (kāma) by remembering Pāṇḍu, who was ruined (killed) due to his attachment to it. Similarly, one should refrain from anger by remembering Anuhrāda, whose sons were killed.
हतमैलं तथा लोभान्मदाद्वेनं द्विजैर्हतम् ।
मानादनायुषापुत्रं बलिं हर्षात् पुरञ्जयम् ॥१५॥
15. hatamailaṃ tathā lobhānmadādvenaṃ dvijairhatam .
mānādanāyuṣāputraṃ baliṃ harṣāt purañjayam.
15. hatamailam tathā lobhāt madāt venam dvijaiḥ
hatam mānāt anāyuṣāputram balim harṣāt purañjayam
15. Similarly, (one should refrain) from greed (remembering) Maila who was killed; from arrogance, Vena who was killed by brahmins (dvija); from pride, Anāyuṣāputra and Bali; and from excessive joy, Purañjaya.
एभिर्जितैर्जितं सर्वं मरुत्तेन महात्मना ।
स्मृत्वा विवर्जयेदेतान् दोषान् स्वीयान्महीपतिः ॥१६॥
16. ebhirjitairjitaṃ sarvaṃ maruttena mahātmanā .
smṛtvā vivarjayedetān doṣān svīyānmahīpatiḥ.
16. ebhiḥ jitaiḥ jitam sarvam maruttena mahātmanā
smṛtvā vivarjayet etān doṣān svīyān mahīpatiḥ
16. Remembering how everything was conquered by the great-souled (mahātman) Marutta by overcoming these (vices), a king should abandon his own such faults.
काककोकिलभृङ्गाणां मृगव्यालशिखण्डिनाम् ।
हंसकुक्कुटलोहानां शिक्षेत चरित नृपः ॥१७॥
17. kākakokilabhṛṅgāṇāṃ mṛgavyālaśikhaṇḍinām .
haṃsakukkuṭalohānāṃ śikṣeta carita nṛpaḥ.
17. kākakokilabhṛṅgāṇām mṛgavyālaśikhaṇḍinām
haṃsakukkuṭalohānām śikṣeta caritam nṛpaḥ
17. A king should learn the conduct of crows, cuckoos, bees, deer, snakes, peacocks, swans, roosters, and blacksmiths.
कीटकस्य क्रियां कुर्यात् विपक्षे मनुजेश्वरः ।
चेष्टां पिपीलिकानाञ्च काले भूपः प्रदर्शयेत् ॥१८॥
18. kīṭakasya kriyāṃ kuryāt vipakṣe manujeśvaraḥ .
ceṣṭāṃ pipīlikānāñca kāle bhūpaḥ pradarśayet.
18. kīṭakasya kriyām kuryāt vipakṣe manujeśvaraḥ
ceṣṭām pipīlikānām ca kāle bhūpaḥ pradarśayet
18. Against an enemy, a king should display the action of an insect. And a king should exhibit the diligence of ants at the opportune moment.
ज्ञेयाग्निविस्फुलिङ्गानां बीजचेष्टा च शाल्मलेः ।
चन्द्रसूर्यस्वरूपेण नीत्यर्थे पृथिवीक्षिता ॥१९॥
19. jñeyāgnivisphuliṅgānāṃ bījaceṣṭā ca śālmaleḥ .
candrasūryasvarūpeṇa nītyarthe pṛthivīkṣitā.
19. jñeyā agnivisphuliṅgānām bījaceṣṭā ca śālmalēḥ
candrasūryasvarūpeṇa nītyarthe pṛthivīkṣitā
19. For the sake of statecraft (nīti), a king should understand the nature of fire sparks, the activity of the seed of the silk-cotton tree, and the forms of the moon and the sun.
बन्धकीपद्मशरभशूलिकागुर्विणीस्तनात् ।
प्रज्ञा नृपेण चादेया तथा गोपालयोषितः ॥२०॥
20. bandhakīpadmaśarabhaśūlikāgurviṇīstanāt .
prajñā nṛpeṇa cādeyā tathā gopālayoṣitaḥ.
20. bandhakīpadmaśarabhaśūlikāgurviṇīstanāt
prajñā nṛpeṇa ca ādeyā tathā gopālayoṣitaḥ
20. A king should acquire wisdom (prajñā) from diverse sources: from a prostitute, a lotus, a śarabha (mythical animal), a śūlikā (a cook's wife or specific type of woman), and from the breast of a pregnant woman; similarly, wisdom should be acquired from a cowherd woman.
शक्रार्कयमसोमानां तद्वद्वायोर्महीपतिः ।
रूपाणि पञ्च कुर्वोत महीपालनकर्मणि ॥२१॥
21. śakrārkayamasomānāṃ tadvadvāyormahīpatiḥ .
rūpāṇi pañca kurvota mahīpālanakarmaṇi.
21. śakrārkayamasomānām tadvat vāyoḥ mahīpatiḥ
rūpāṇi pañca kurvīta mahīpālanakarmaṇi
21. In the discharge of his duty to protect the land, the king should similarly assume the five forms (or functions) of Indra, the Sun, Yama, Soma, and Vayu.
यथेन्द्रश्चतुरो मासान् तोयोत्सर्गेण भूगतम् ।
आप्याययेत्तथा लोकं परिहारैर्महीपतिः ॥२२॥
22. yathendraścaturo māsān toyotsargeṇa bhūgatam .
āpyāyayettathā lokaṃ parihārairmahīpatiḥ.
22. yathā indraḥ caturaḥ māsān toyotsargeṇa bhūgatam
āpyāyayet tathā lokam parihāraiḥ mahīpatiḥ
22. Just as Indra nourishes the earth with a release of water (rain) for four months, similarly, the king should nourish his people with remissions (of taxes).
मासानष्टौ यथा सूर्यस्तोयं हरति रश्मिभिः ।
सूक्ष्मेणैवाभ्युपायेन तथा शुल्कादिकं नृपः ॥२३॥
23. māsānaṣṭau yathā sūryastoyaṃ harati raśmibhiḥ .
sūkṣmeṇaivābhyupāyena tathā śulkādikaṃ nṛpaḥ.
23. māsān aṣṭau yathā sūryaḥ toyam harati raśmibhiḥ
sūkṣmeṇa eva abhyupāyena tathā śulkādikam nṛpaḥ
23. Just as the Sun draws up water with its rays for eight months by a very subtle means, similarly, the king should (collect) taxes and other levies.
यथा यमः प्रियद्वेष्ये प्राप्तकाले नियच्छति ।
तथा प्रियाप्रिये राजा दुष्टादुष्टे समो भवेत् ॥२४॥
24. yathā yamaḥ priyadveṣye prāptakāle niyacchati .
tathā priyāpriye rājā duṣṭāduṣṭe samo bhavet.
24. yathā yamaḥ priyadveṣye prāptakāle niyacchati
tathā priyāpriye rājā duṣṭāduṣṭe samaḥ bhavet
24. Just as Yama (the god of death) controls (or judges) impartially at the appointed time, treating both those he loves and those he hates equally, so too should the king be impartial towards those dear and not dear, and towards the wicked and the virtuous.
पूर्णेन्दुमालोक्य यथा प्रीतिमान् जायते नरः ।
एवं यत्र प्रजाः सर्वा निर्वत्तास्तच्छशिव्रतम् ॥२५॥
25. pūrṇendumālokya yathā prītimān jāyate naraḥ .
evaṃ yatra prajāḥ sarvā nirvattāstacchaśivratam.
25. pūrṇendum ālokya yathā prītimān jāyate naraḥ evam
yatra prajāḥ sarvāḥ nirvṛttāḥ tat śaśivratam
25. Just as a person becomes delighted upon seeing the full moon, so too, a ruler who ensures all his subjects are contented and prosperous follows the "moon-vow" (śaśivratam).
मारुतः सर्वभूतेषु निगूढश्चरते यथा ।
एवं नृपश्चरेच्चारैः पौरामात्यादिबन्धुषु ॥२६॥
26. mārutaḥ sarvabhūteṣu nigūḍhaścarate yathā .
evaṃ nṛpaścareccāraiḥ paurāmātyādibandhuṣu.
26. mārutaḥ sarvabhūteṣu nigūḍhaḥ carate yathā
evam nṛpaḥ caret cāraiḥ paurāmātyādibandhuṣu
26. Just as the wind moves imperceptibly among all beings, so too should a king operate through spies among his citizens, ministers, relatives, and other associates.
न लोभाद्वा न कामाद्वा नार्थाद्वा यस्य मानसम् ।
यथान्यैः कृष्यते वत्स स राजा स्वर्गमृच्छति ॥२७॥
27. na lobhādvā na kāmādvā nārthādvā yasya mānasam .
yathānyaiḥ kṛṣyate vatsa sa rājā svargamṛcchati.
27. na lobhāt vā na kāmāt vā na arthāt vā yasya mānasam
yathā anyaiḥ kṛṣyate vatsa sa rājā svargam ṛcchati
27. O child, that king whose mind is not swayed by greed, or by desire, or by material gain, just as others are, that king attains heaven.
उत्पथग्राहिणो मूढान् स्वधर्माच्चलतो नरान् ।
यः करोति निजे धर्मे स राजा स्वर्गमृच्छति ॥२८॥
28. utpathagrāhiṇo mūḍhān svadharmāccalato narān .
yaḥ karoti nije dharme sa rājā svargamṛcchati.
28. utpathagrāhiṇaḥ mūḍhān svadharmāt calataḥ narān
yaḥ karoti nije dharme sa rājā svargam ṛcchati
28. That king who restores foolish individuals - those who follow a wrong path and deviate from their own inherent duty (dharma) - to their proper natural law (dharma), that king attains heaven.
वर्णधर्मा न सीदन्ति यस्य राज्ये तथाश्रमाः ।
वत्स तस्य सुखं प्रेत्य परत्रेह च शाश्वतम् ॥२९॥
29. varṇadharmā na sīdanti yasya rājye tathāśramāḥ .
vatsa tasya sukhaṃ pretya paratreha ca śāśvatam.
29. varṇadharmāḥ na sīdanti yasya rājye tathā āśramāḥ
| vatsa tasya sukham pretya paratra iha ca śāśvatam
29. O child, for the one in whose kingdom the duties of the social classes (varṇa-dharma) and the stages of life (āśrama) do not decline, happiness is eternal, both in this world and in the next after death.
एतद्राज्ञः परं कृत्यं तथैतत् सिद्धिकारकम् ।
स्वधर्मस्थापनं नृणां चाल्यन्ते ये कुबुद्धिभिः ॥३०॥
30. etadrājñaḥ paraṃ kṛtyaṃ tathaitat siddhikārakam .
svadharmasthāpanaṃ nṛṇāṃ cālyante ye kubuddhibhiḥ.
30. etad rājñaḥ param kṛtyam tathā etad siddhikārakam
| svadharmasthāpanam nṛṇām cālyante ye kubuddhibhiḥ
30. This is the supreme duty (kṛtya) of a king, and it is also the cause of success: establishing the intrinsic nature (dharma) of those people who are misguided by evil intentions.
पालनेनैव भूतानां कृतकृत्यो महीपतिः ।
सम्यक् पालयिता भागं धर्मस्याप्नोति यत्नतः ॥३१॥
31. pālanenaiva bhūtānāṃ kṛtakṛtyo mahīpatiḥ .
samyak pālayitā bhāgaṃ dharmasyāpnoti yatnataḥ.
31. pālanena eva bhūtānām kṛtakṛtyaḥ mahīpatiḥ |
samyak pālayitā bhāgam dharmasya āpnoti yatnataḥ
31. A king accomplishes his duties solely through the protection of beings. One who protects well diligently obtains a share of the intrinsic nature (dharma).

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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 (current chapter) Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Chapter 41 Chapter 42 Chapter 43 Chapter 44 Chapter 45 Chapter 46 Chapter 47 Chapter 48 Chapter 49 Chapter 50 Chapter 51 Chapter 52 Chapter 53 Chapter 54 Chapter 55 Chapter 56 Chapter 57 Chapter 58 Chapter 59 Chapter 60 Chapter 61 Chapter 62 Chapter 63 Chapter 64 Chapter 65 Chapter 66 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 Chapter 69 Chapter 70 Chapter 71 Chapter 72 Chapter 73 Chapter 74 Chapter 75 Chapter 76 Chapter 77 Chapter 78 Chapter 79 Chapter 80 Chapter 81 Chapter 82 Chapter 83 Chapter 84 Chapter 85 Chapter 86 Chapter 87 Chapter 88 Chapter 89 Chapter 90 Chapter 91 Chapter 92 Chapter 93 Chapter 94 Chapter 95 Chapter 96 Chapter 97 Chapter 98 Chapter 99 Chapter 100 Chapter 101 Chapter 102 Chapter 103 Chapter 104 Chapter 105 Chapter 106 Chapter 107 Chapter 108 Chapter 109 Chapter 110 Chapter 111 Chapter 112 Chapter 113 Chapter 114 Chapter 115 Chapter 116 Chapter 117 Chapter 118 Chapter 119 Chapter 120 Chapter 121 Chapter 122 Chapter 123 Chapter 124 Chapter 125 Chapter 126 Chapter 127 Chapter 128 Chapter 129 Chapter 130 Chapter 131 Chapter 132 Chapter 133 Chapter 134