महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-49

केनेमौ मर्त्यधर्माणौ नावधीत्केशवार्जुनौ ।
एतत्प्रब्रूहि भगवन्मया पृष्टो यथातथम् ॥४९॥

49. kenemau martyadharmāṇau nāvadhītkeśavārjunau ,
etatprabrūhi bhagavanmayā pṛṣṭo yathātatham.

49. kena imau martyadharmāṇau na avadhīt keśavārjunau
etat prabrūhi bhagavan mayā pṛṣṭaḥ yathātatham

49. bhagavan mayā yathātatham pṛṣṭaḥ kena imau
martyadharmāṇau keśavārjunau na avadhīt etat prabrūhi

49. O Lord (Bhagavān), please tell me exactly how it happened, as I have asked you: by whom were Keśava and Arjuna, who possess the intrinsic nature (dharma) of mortals, not slain?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by whom

• इमौ (imau) - these two

• मर्त्यधर्माणौ (martyadharmāṇau) - having the intrinsic nature of mortals, whose intrinsic nature is mortality

• न (na) - not, no

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - killed, slew

• केशवार्जुनौ (keśavārjunau) - Keśava and Arjuna

• एतत् (etat) - this

• प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - please tell, speak forth

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, glorious, divine

• मया (mayā) - by me

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked, questioned

• यथातथम् (yathātatham) - accurately, exactly as it is, truthfully

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

इमौ (imau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of idam

idam - this, these

मर्त्यधर्माणौ (martyadharmāṇau) - having the intrinsic nature of mortals, whose intrinsic nature is mortality

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of martyadharman

martyadharman - having the intrinsic nature of mortals, whose intrinsic nature is mortality

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (martya+dharma)

• martya – mortal, human
  adjective
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root mṛ (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - killed, slew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

केशवार्जुनौ (keśavārjunau) - Keśava and Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of keśavārjuna

keśavārjuna - Keśava and Arjuna

Compound type : dvandva (keśava+arjuna)

• keśava – Keśava (an epithet of Krishna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• arjuna – Arjuna (a Pāṇḍava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - please tell, speak forth

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, glorious, divine

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, lord, venerable

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked, questioned

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛcch

pṛcch - to ask, question

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root pṛcch with suffix -ta

Root: pṛcch (class 6)

यथातथम् (yathātatham) - accurately, exactly as it is, truthfully

(indeclinable)