महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-42

ततो द्रौणिर्धनुर्न्यस्य रथात्प्रस्कन्द्य वेगितः ।
धिग्धिक्सर्वमिदं मिथ्येत्युक्त्वा संप्राद्रवद्रणात् ॥४२॥

42. tato drauṇirdhanurnyasya rathātpraskandya vegitaḥ ,
dhigdhiksarvamidaṁ mithyetyuktvā saṁprādravadraṇāt.

42. tataḥ drauṇiḥ dhanuḥ nyasya rathāt praskandya vegitaḥ
dhik dhik sarvam idam mithyā iti uktvā saṃprādravat raṇāt

42. tataḥ drauṇiḥ,
dhanuḥ nyasya,
rathāt vegitaḥ praskandya,
"dhik dhik idam sarvam mithyā" iti uktvā,
raṇāt saṃprādravat.

42. Then Droṇi (Aśvatthāman), having laid down his bow, swiftly jumped down from the chariot and, declaring "Fie! Fie! All this is useless!", fled from the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• न्यस्य (nyasya) - having laid down, having put aside

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having jumped down, having leapt forth

• वेगितः (vegitaḥ) - swift, quick, impelled (by speed/emotion)

• धिक् (dhik) - fie!, shame!, woe!, curse upon!

• धिक् (dhik) - fie!, shame!, woe!, curse upon!

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• इदम् (idam) - this

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, in vain, useless, untrue

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (introduces or concludes a quote)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• संप्राद्रवत् (saṁprādravat) - ran away, fled, rushed forth

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle, from the fight

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of `tad` (that).

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - descendant of Droṇa, specifically Aśvatthāman

Patronymic from `droṇa`.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Root: dhanv

Note: Object of `nyasya`.

न्यस्य (nyasya) - having laid down, having put aside

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `as` (to throw, to cast) with upasarga `ni` and suffix `lyaP`.

Prefix: ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Action completed before the main verb.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh

Note: Denotes separation.

प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having jumped down, having leapt forth

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `skand` (to jump, leap) with upasarga `pra` and suffix `lyaP`.

Prefix: pra

Root: skand (class 1)

Note: Action completed before the main verb.

वेगितः (vegitaḥ) - swift, quick, impelled (by speed/emotion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vegita

vegita - swift, quick, impelled, excited

Adjective derived from noun

Derived from `vega` (speed, impulse) with suffix `ita`.

धिक् (dhik) - fie!, shame!, woe!, curse upon!

(indeclinable)

An interjection or particle expressing censure, regret, or contempt.

धिक् (dhik) - fie!, shame!, woe!, curse upon!

(indeclinable)

An interjection or particle expressing censure, regret, or contempt.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Predicate nominative for 'this'.

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, in vain, useless, untrue

(indeclinable)

An adverb or indeclinable adjective.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (introduces or concludes a quote)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `vac` (to speak) with suffix `tvā`. `vac` changes to `uk` before `tvā`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Action completed before the main verb.

संप्राद्रवत् (saṁprādravat) - ran away, fled, rushed forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of drav

Imperfect third person singular

`a-` (augment) + `drav` (root) + `at` (ending for 3rd sing imperfect), with upasargas `sam` and `pra`.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: drav (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle, from the fight

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, conflict

From root `raṇ` (to delight, rejoice, also to sound, clatter).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Denotes separation.