महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-39

तावक्षतौ प्रमुदितौ दध्मतुर्वारिजोत्तमौ ।
दृष्ट्वा प्रमुदितान्पार्थांस्त्वदीया व्यथिताभवन् ॥३९॥

39. tāvakṣatau pramuditau dadhmaturvārijottamau ,
dṛṣṭvā pramuditānpārthāṁstvadīyā vyathitābhavan.

39. tau akṣatau pramuditau dadhmatuḥ vārijottamau dṛṣṭvā
pramuditān pārthān tvadīyāḥ vyathitāḥ abhavan

39. tau akṣatau pramuditau vārijottamau dadhmatuḥ.
pramuditān pārthān dṛṣṭvā tvadīyāḥ vyathitāḥ abhavan

39. Those two (Krishna and Arjuna), uninjured and greatly delighted, blew their excellent conchs. Upon seeing the greatly delighted Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā), your people (the Kauravas) became distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Krishna and Arjuna (those two (masculine nominative dual))

• अक्षतौ (akṣatau) - uninjured, unharmed (masculine nominative dual)

• प्रमुदितौ (pramuditau) - greatly delighted, rejoiced (masculine nominative dual)

• दध्मतुः (dadhmatuḥ) - They (K-A) blew their conchs. (they two blew, sounded (dual))

• वारिजोत्तमौ (vārijottamau) - the excellent conchs belonging to Krishna and Arjuna. (excellent conchs (masculine nominative dual))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• प्रमुदितान् (pramuditān) - Refers to the Pārthas. (greatly delighted, rejoiced (masculine accusative plural))

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - The Pandavas. (the sons of Pritha (masculine accusative plural))

• त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's people, i.e., the Kauravas. (your people, yours (masculine nominative plural))

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated (masculine nominative plural)

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, existed

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Krishna and Arjuna (those two (masculine nominative dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative dual form.

Note: Subject of 'dadhmatuḥ'.

अक्षतौ (akṣatau) - uninjured, unharmed (masculine nominative dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of akṣata

akṣata - uninjured, unharmed, intact, whole, undamaged

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'kṣata' (injured, from root 'kṣaṇ').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣata)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• kṣata – injured, wounded, damaged, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṣaṇ' (to injure, strike).
  Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

प्रमुदितौ (pramuditau) - greatly delighted, rejoiced (masculine nominative dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pramudita

pramudita - greatly delighted, joyful, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mud' (to rejoice) with prefix 'pra-' (very, greatly).

Prefix: pra

Root: mud (class 1)

दध्मतुः (dadhmatuḥ) - They (K-A) blew their conchs. (they two blew, sounded (dual))

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of √dhmā

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person dual

From root 'dhmā' (to blow). Reduplicated perfect.

Root: dhmā (class 1)

वारिजोत्तमौ (vārijottamau) - the excellent conchs belonging to Krishna and Arjuna. (excellent conchs (masculine nominative dual))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vārijottama

vārijottama - excellent conch (shell)

Karmadhāraya compound: 'vārija' (conch) + 'uttama' (excellent, best).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vārija+uttama)

• vārija – water-born, conch, lotus
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From 'vāri' (water) and 'ja' (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud' (up) or 'ud-tam'.

Note: Object of 'dadhmatuḥ'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Governs 'pramuditān pārthān'.

प्रमुदितान् (pramuditān) - Refers to the Pārthas. (greatly delighted, rejoiced (masculine accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pramudita

pramudita - greatly delighted, joyful, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mud' (to rejoice) with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

पार्थान् (pārthān) - The Pandavas. (the sons of Pritha (masculine accusative plural))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha, a Pandava

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti's birth name) with 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's people, i.e., the Kauravas. (your people, yours (masculine nominative plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvadīya

tvadīya - your, yours, belonging to you, your people

From 'tvad' (you) with possessive suffix 'īya'.

Note: Subject of 'abhavan'.

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated (masculine nominative plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated, pained, disturbed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vyath' (to be agitated, distressed).

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, existed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √bhū

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person plural

From root 'bhū' (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'tvadīyāḥ'.