महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-31

नैव नस्तादृशं राजन्दृष्टपूर्वं न च श्रुतम् ।
यादृशं द्रोणपुत्रेण सृष्टमस्त्रममर्षिणा ॥३१॥

31. naiva nastādṛśaṁ rājandṛṣṭapūrvaṁ na ca śrutam ,
yādṛśaṁ droṇaputreṇa sṛṣṭamastramamarṣiṇā.

31. na eva naḥ tādṛśam rājan dṛṣṭapūrvam na ca śrutam
yādṛśam droṇaputreṇa sṛṣṭam astram amarṣiṇā

31. rājan na eva naḥ tādṛśam dṛṣṭapūrvam ca na śrutam
yādṛśam droṇaputreṇa amarṣiṇā astram sṛṣṭam

31. O king, we have neither seen nor heard of anything like the weapon (astra) discharged by the furious son of Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the preceding 'na') (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• नः (naḥ) - by us (implies instrumental here with 'seen' and 'heard') (by us, for us, to us, our)

• तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such a thing (such, of that kind, similar to that)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• दृष्टपूर्वम् (dṛṣṭapūrvam) - seen before (seen before, previously seen)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - nor (and, also)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (heard, listened, revealed (scripture))

• यादृशम् (yādṛśam) - such as, like the one (such as, of what kind, like which)

• द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman) (by the son of Droṇa)

• सृष्टम् (sṛṣṭam) - discharged (created, discharged, emitted)

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (astra) (weapon, missile)

• अमर्षिणा (amarṣiṇā) - by the furious one (by the impatient, by the furious, by the indignant one)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in a double negative construction 'na... na ca...' (neither... nor...).

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the preceding 'na') (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us (implies instrumental here with 'seen' and 'heard') (by us, for us, to us, our)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of 'asmābhiḥ' (by us).

तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such a thing (such, of that kind, similar to that)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind

pronominal adjective from 'tad'

Note: Refers to the unspecified 'thing' (like 'astram') that has not been seen or heard.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दृष्टपूर्वम् (dṛṣṭapūrvam) - seen before (seen before, previously seen)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭapūrva

dṛṣṭapūrva - seen before

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dṛṣṭa+pūrva)

• dṛṣṭa – seen
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• pūrva – before, former, previous
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions as the predicate in the implied clause 'such was not seen by us before'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Second 'na' in the 'na... na ca...' construction.

च (ca) - nor (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'na dṛṣṭapūrvam' and 'na śrutam' to form 'neither... nor...'. The 'na' preceding 'ca' combines with it to mean 'nor'.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (heard, listened, revealed (scripture))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened

Past Passive Participle

From root √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Functions as the predicate, parallel to 'dṛṣṭapūrvam'.

यादृशम् (yādṛśam) - such as, like the one (such as, of what kind, like which)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yādṛśa

yādṛśa - such as, of what kind

pronominal adjective from 'yad'

Note: Relates to the following clause 'droṇaputreṇa sṛṣṭam astram amarṣiṇā' and refers to the 'astram'.

द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman) (by the son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the action 'sṛṣṭam'.

सृष्टम् (sṛṣṭam) - discharged (created, discharged, emitted)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sṛṣṭa

sṛṣṭa - created, discharged

Past Passive Participle

From root √sṛj (to create, emit)

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'astram'.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (astra) (weapon, missile)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile

Note: The subject of the 'yādṛśam... sṛṣṭam' clause.

अमर्षिणा (amarṣiṇā) - by the furious one (by the impatient, by the furious, by the indignant one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amarṣin

amarṣin - impatient, indignant, furious

from a- + √mṛṣ (to bear, endure)

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'droṇaputreṇa'.