महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-12

तस्मादनर्हमश्लीलमप्रियं द्रौणिमुक्तवान् ।
मान्यमाचार्यतनयं रूक्षं कापुरुषो यथा ॥१२॥

12. tasmādanarhamaślīlamapriyaṁ drauṇimuktavān ,
mānyamācāryatanayaṁ rūkṣaṁ kāpuruṣo yathā.

12. tasmāt anarham aślīlam apriyam drauṇim uktavān
| mānyam ācārya-tanayam rūkṣam kāpuruṣaḥ yathā

12. tasmāt [Arjuna] mānyam ācārya-tanayam drauṇim prati kāpuruṣaḥ
yathā anarham aślīlam apriyam rūkṣam [vākyam] uktavān

12. Therefore, driven by that rage, Arjuna spoke to Droṇa's son (Drauṇi) — who was worthy of respect and the son of his teacher — harsh words that were unworthy, indecent, and unpleasant, just like a base man would.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, driven by that (rage) (therefore, from that, hence)

• अनर्हम् (anarham) - unworthy (words) (unworthy, undeserving, improper)

• अश्लीलम् (aślīlam) - indecent (words) (indecent, vulgar, obscene)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (words) (unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile)

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - to Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā) (to Drauṇi, son of Droṇa)

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - Arjuna spoke (he spoke, having spoken)

• मान्यम् (mānyam) - who was worthy of respect (honorable, respectable, worthy of respect)

• आचार्य-तनयम् (ācārya-tanayam) - the son of his (Arjuna's) teacher (Droṇa) (son of the teacher)

• रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - harsh (words/speech) (harsh, rough, rude)

• कापुरुषः (kāpuruṣaḥ) - base man, coward

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, driven by that (rage) (therefore, from that, hence)

(indeclinable)

ablative singular of tad

Note: Used as an adverbial conjunction

अनर्हम् (anarham) - unworthy (words) (unworthy, undeserving, improper)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anarha

anarha - unworthy, undeserving, unfit, improper

negative prefix a- + arha (worthy)

Note: Modifies implied 'vākyam' (word)

अश्लीलम् (aślīlam) - indecent (words) (indecent, vulgar, obscene)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aślīla

aślīla - indecent, vulgar, obscene, improper

negative prefix a- + ślīla (proper, graceful)

Note: Modifies implied 'vākyam' (word)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (words) (unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile, disliked

negative prefix a- + priya (dear, pleasant)

Note: Modifies implied 'vākyam' (word)

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - to Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā) (to Drauṇi, son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

derived from Droṇa + i

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - Arjuna spoke (he spoke, having spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uktavat

vac - to speak, say

Perfect Active Participle

root vac with suffix -tavat

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as a finite verb with Arjuna as implied subject

मान्यम् (mānyam) - who was worthy of respect (honorable, respectable, worthy of respect)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mānya

mānya - honorable, respectable, to be honored

Gerundive

root man (to think, respect) with suffix -ya

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Modifies Drauṇi

आचार्य-तनयम् (ācārya-tanayam) - the son of his (Arjuna's) teacher (Droṇa) (son of the teacher)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ācārya-tanaya

ācārya-tanaya - son of the teacher

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ācārya+tanaya)

• ācārya – teacher, preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• tanaya – son
  noun (masculine)
  root tan (to stretch, extend)
  Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Modifies Drauṇi

रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - harsh (words/speech) (harsh, rough, rude)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - harsh, rough, rude, severe

Note: Modifies implied 'vākyam' (word) or the act of speaking

कापुरुषः (kāpuruṣaḥ) - base man, coward

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāpuruṣa

kāpuruṣa - base man, vile man, coward

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kā+puruṣa)

• kā – bad, vile, contemptible (prefix)
  indeclinable
• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)