महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-16

ततस्तुमुलमाकाशे शरवर्षमजायत ।
ववुश्च शिशिरा वाताः सूर्यो नैव तताप च ॥१६॥

16. tatastumulamākāśe śaravarṣamajāyata ,
vavuśca śiśirā vātāḥ sūryo naiva tatāpa ca.

16. tataḥ tumulam ākāśe śaravarṣam ajāyata vavuḥ
ca śiśirāḥ vātāḥ sūryaḥ na eva tatāpa ca

16. tataḥ ākāśe tumulam śaravarṣam ajāyata ca
śiśirāḥ vātāḥ vavuḥ ca sūryaḥ na eva tatāpa

16. Then a tumultuous shower of arrows arose in the sky, and cold winds began to blow, and the sun did not shine or give heat at all.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, violent, mighty, terrifying

• आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky, in space

• शरवर्षम् (śaravarṣam) - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

• अजायत (ajāyata) - was born, arose, appeared

• ववुः (vavuḥ) - blew

• च (ca) - and

• शिशिराः (śiśirāḥ) - cold, chilly

• वाताः (vātāḥ) - winds

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• न (na) - not

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, at all (emphasis)

• तताप (tatāpa) - shone, gave heat, burned

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) with suffix 'tas'

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, violent, mighty, terrifying

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, violent, mighty, terrible, agitated

Root: tum (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śaravarṣam'.

आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky, in space

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether, atmosphere

From 'kāś' (to appear) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

शरवर्षम् (śaravarṣam) - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Compound of 'śara' (arrow) and 'varṣa' (rain)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow, dart, reed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vṛṣ' (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'ajāyata'.

अजायत (ajāyata) - was born, arose, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of jan

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular imperfect middle of root 'jan'

Root: jan (class 4)

ववुः (vavuḥ) - blew

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vā

Perfect Active

3rd person plural perfect active of root 'vā'

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'vātāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

शिशिराः (śiśirāḥ) - cold, chilly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiśira

śiśira - cold, chilly, cool, wintry

Root: śī

Note: Agrees with 'vātāḥ'.

वाताः (vātāḥ) - winds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāta

vāta - wind, air, breeze

Derived from root 'vā' (to blow)

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'vavuḥ'.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Root: sū

Note: Subject of 'tatāpa'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, at all (emphasis)

(indeclinable)

तताप (tatāpa) - shone, gave heat, burned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of tap

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root 'tap' (reduplicated form)

Root: tap (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects negated actions.