महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-4

ततो द्रुतमतिक्रम्य सिंहलाङ्गूलकेतनम् ।
सव्यसाची महेष्वासमश्वत्थामानमब्रवीत् ॥४॥

4. tato drutamatikramya siṁhalāṅgūlaketanam ,
savyasācī maheṣvāsamaśvatthāmānamabravīt.

4. tataḥ drutam atikramya siṃhalāṅgūlaketanam
savyasācī maheṣvāsam aśvatthāmānam abravīt

4. tataḥ savyasācī siṃhalāṅgūlaketanam drutam
atikramya maheṣvāsam aśvatthāmānam abravīt

4. Then, Savyasācī (Arjuna), quickly bypassing the banner adorned with a lion's tail, spoke to the great archer Ashvatthama.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having surpassed, having overcome, having bypassed

• सिंहलाङ्गूलकेतनम् (siṁhalāṅgūlaketanam) - referring to Ashvatthama's banner (whose banner has a lion's tail)

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (ambidextrous, one who can shoot with the left hand)

• महेष्वासम् (maheṣvāsam) - Ashvatthama (who is a great archer) (great archer, having a great bow)

• अश्वत्थामानम् (aśvatthāmānam) - Ashvatthama (son of Drona)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

(indeclinable)

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (when adjective)

From √dru (to run). Here used adverbially.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'atikramya'.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having surpassed, having overcome, having bypassed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ati-√kram (class 1) with suffix -ya after prefix.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

सिंहलाङ्गूलकेतनम् (siṁhalāṅgūlaketanam) - referring to Ashvatthama's banner (whose banner has a lion's tail)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃhalāṅgūlaketana

siṁhalāṅgūlaketana - whose banner has a lion's tail (epithet), bearing a lion-tailed banner

Compound: siṃha (lion) + lāṅgūla (tail) + ketana (banner).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (siṃha+lāṅgūla+ketana)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• lāṅgūla – tail
  noun (neuter)
• ketana – banner, flag, sign
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'atikramya'.

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (ambidextrous, one who can shoot with the left hand)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous, one who can draw a bow with the left hand (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound: savya (left) + sācin (shooter).

Compound type : tatpurusha (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective/noun (neuter)
• sācin – shooter, archer
  noun (masculine)
  From √sañj (to attach, to throw, to shoot)
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

महेष्वासम् (maheṣvāsam) - Ashvatthama (who is a great archer) (great archer, having a great bow)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, possessing a mighty bow, mighty bowman

Compound: mahat (great) + iṣvāsa (bowman, archer).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'mahat'
• iṣvāsa – bowman, archer; bow (weapon)
  noun (masculine)
  From iṣu (arrow) + √as (to throw, to shoot)
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'aśvatthāmānam'.

अश्वत्थामानम् (aśvatthāmānam) - Ashvatthama (son of Drona)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Ashvatthama (name of Drona's son), horse-powerful

Compound: aśva (horse) + sthāman (strength, power).

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśva+sthāman)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sthāman – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Imperfect Active

From √brū (class 2)

Root: brū (class 2)