महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-44

तं द्रौणिरग्रतो दृष्ट्वा स्थितं कुरुकुलोद्वह ।
सन्नकण्ठोऽब्रवीद्वाक्यमभिवाद्य सुदीनवत् ॥४४॥

44. taṁ drauṇiragrato dṛṣṭvā sthitaṁ kurukulodvaha ,
sannakaṇṭho'bravīdvākyamabhivādya sudīnavat.

44. tam drauṇiḥ agrataḥ dṛṣṭvā sthitam kurukulodvaha
sannakaṇṭhaḥ abravīt vākyam abhivādya sudīnavat

44. kurukulodvaha,
drauṇiḥ tam agrataḥ sthitam dṛṣṭvā,
abhivādya,
sannakaṇṭhaḥ sudīnavat vākyam abravīt.

44. O Upholder of the Kuru dynasty (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), Droṇi (Aśvatthāman), having seen Vyāsa standing before him, and having greeted him, then spoke words with a choked voice, appearing utterly distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Vyāsa (him, that (masc. acc. sing.))

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, before, ahead

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, being

• कुरुकुलोद्वह (kurukulodvaha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O upholder of the Kuru race)

• सन्नकण्ठः (sannakaṇṭhaḥ) - having a choked voice, with a choked throat

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech, sentence

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted, having saluted, having bowed to

• सुदीनवत् (sudīnavat) - very miserably, like one in great distress

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Vyāsa (him, that (masc. acc. sing.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā` and `sthitam`.

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - descendant of Droṇa, specifically Aśvatthāman

Patronymic from `droṇa`.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, before, ahead

(indeclinable)

From `agra` (front, tip) with suffix `tas`.

Note: Modifies `sthitam`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `dṛś` (to see) with suffix `tvā`. `dṛś` becomes `dṛṣṭ` before `tvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Action completed before the main verb.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, being

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root `sthā` (to stand) with suffix `kta`.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes Vyāsa.

कुरुकुलोद्वह (kurukulodvaha) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O upholder of the Kuru race)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurukulodvaha

kurukulodvaha - upholder or bearer of the Kuru family/race

Compound of `kuru`, `kula`, and `udvaha`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+kula+udvaha)

• kuru – name of an ancient king and dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• kula – family, race, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)
• udvaha – upholder, bearer, carrying, bringing
  noun (masculine)
  From `ud` + root `vah` (to carry).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

सन्नकण्ठः (sannakaṇṭhaḥ) - having a choked voice, with a choked throat

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sannakaṇṭha

sannakaṇṭha - having a choked or sunken throat/voice

Compound of `sanna` (sunken, depressed) and `kaṇṭha` (throat, voice).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sanna+kaṇṭha)

• sanna – sunken, depressed, dejected, choked
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `sad` (to sink, sit down). Here implying 'choked'.
  Root: sad (class 1)
• kaṇṭha – throat, neck, voice
  noun (masculine)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect third person singular

`a-` (augment) + `brav` (root form) + `īt` (ending for 3rd sing imperfect).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, words, statement

From root `vac` (to speak) with suffix `ya`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted, having saluted, having bowed to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `vad` (to speak) with upasargas `abhi` and `ā` (forming `abhivād`) and suffix `lyaP`.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Action completed before the main verb.

सुदीनवत् (sudīnavat) - very miserably, like one in great distress

(indeclinable)

From `su` (very) + `dīna` (distressed, miserable) + `vat` (like, similar to).

Compound type : adverbial (su+dīna+vat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• dīna – miserable, distressed, sad, poor
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dī` (to perish, decay, be miserable).
  Root: dī (class 4)
• vat – like, similar to, as
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating similarity.

Note: Adverbial, modifying `abravīt`.