महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-172, verse-40

विमुक्तौ च महात्मानौ दृष्ट्वा द्रौणिः सुदुःखितः ।
मुहूर्तं चिन्तयामास किं त्वेतदिति मारिष ॥४०॥

40. vimuktau ca mahātmānau dṛṣṭvā drauṇiḥ suduḥkhitaḥ ,
muhūrtaṁ cintayāmāsa kiṁ tvetaditi māriṣa.

40. vimuktau ca mahātmānau dṛṣṭvā drauṇiḥ suduḥkhitaḥ
muhūrtam cintayāmāsa kim tu etat iti māriṣa

40. ca vimuktau mahātmānau dṛṣṭvā drauṇiḥ suduḥkhitaḥ
muhūrtam kim tu etat iti cintayāmāsa māriṣa

40. And having seen the two great-souled ones (Krishna and Arjuna) freed, Droṇa's son (Drauṇi) became very distressed. For a moment he pondered, "What then is this?" O respected one (māriṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• विमुक्तौ (vimuktau) - freed from danger (referring to Krishna and Arjuna) (freed, liberated, released (dual masculine nominative))

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - Krishna and Arjuna (the two great-souled ones (dual masculine nominative))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (son of Drona (nominative singular masculine))

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very distressed, greatly sorrowful (masculine nominative singular)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for an instant

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, pondered, reflected

• किम् (kim) - What (is this)? (what?, why?, whether)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, then

• एतत् (etat) - this (event/situation) (this, this one (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• इति (iti) - thus, marking direct speech or thought

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O respected one, venerable sir (vocative singular masculine))

Words meanings and morphology

विमुक्तौ (vimuktau) - freed from danger (referring to Krishna and Arjuna) (freed, liberated, released (dual masculine nominative))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vimukta

vimukta - freed, liberated, released, delivered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'muc' (to release, free) with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - Krishna and Arjuna (the two great-souled ones (dual masculine nominative))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted, supreme spirit (ātman)

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From 'mahat'.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, breath (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied Krishna and Arjuna.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Governs 'vimuktau mahātmānau'.

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (son of Drona (nominative singular masculine))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona, Aśvatthāmā

Patronymic from Droṇa.

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - very distressed, greatly sorrowful (masculine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very distressed, greatly sorrowful, deeply grieved

Compound 'su-' (very) + 'duḥkhita' (distressed, from 'duḥkha').

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, excellent, very, easily
  indeclinable
  Intensive prefix.
• duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful, unhappy
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'duḥkh' (to suffer, be distressed).
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for an instant

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter used adverbially to denote duration.

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, pondered, reflected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √cint

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular (Periphrastic Perfect)

Periphrastic perfect formation using 'āmāsa' for Class 10 root 'cint' or causative of 'cit'.

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Subject is 'drauṇiḥ'.

किम् (kim) - What (is this)? (what?, why?, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?, why?, whether

Interrogative pronoun (neuter nominative/accusative singular) or indeclinable.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, then

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or continuation.

एतत् (etat) - this (event/situation) (this, this one (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, it

Neuter nominative/accusative singular form.

इति (iti) - thus, marking direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

मारिष (māriṣa) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O respected one, venerable sir (vocative singular masculine))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - respected sir, venerable one, master (term of address)

Vocative singular.