महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-81

पयस्विनीं घृतिनीमत्युदारां समृद्धिनीं वेगिनीं दुर्विगाह्याम् ।
गङ्गां गत्वा यैः शरीरं विसृष्टं गता धीरास्ते विबुधैः समत्वम् ॥८१॥

81. payasvinīṁ ghṛtinīmatyudārāṁ; samṛddhinīṁ veginīṁ durvigāhyām ,
gaṅgāṁ gatvā yaiḥ śarīraṁ visṛṣṭaṁ; gatā dhīrāste vibudhaiḥ samatvam.

81. payasvinīm ghṛtinīm atyudārām
samṛddhinīm veginīm durvigāhyām
gaṅgām gatvā yaiḥ śarīram visṛṣṭam
gatāḥ dhīrāḥ te vibudhaiḥ samatvam

81. yaiḥ payasvinīm ghṛtinīm atyudārām samṛddhinīm veginīm durvigāhyām gaṅgām gatvā śarīram visṛṣṭam,
te dhīrāḥ vibudhaiḥ samatvam gatāḥ

81. Those steadfast individuals who, having gone to the Gaṅgā – which is flowing with water, enduring, exceedingly generous, brimming with abundance, swift, and difficult to fathom – abandoned their bodies, attained equality with the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• पयस्विनीम् (payasvinīm) - flowing with water (flowing with water, full of milk, juicy)

• घृतिनीम् (ghṛtinīm) - enduring (as a river) (firm, enduring, carrying clarity/splendor)

• अत्युदाराम् (atyudārām) - exceedingly generous (as a river providing benefits) (exceedingly generous, very noble, very liberal)

• समृद्धिनीम् (samṛddhinīm) - brimming with abundance (referring to the benefits provided by the river) (prosperous, abundant, rich)

• वेगिनीम् (veginīm) - swift (referring to the river's current) (swift, rapid, impetuous)

• दुर्विगाह्याम् (durvigāhyām) - difficult to fathom (referring to its profound qualities or vastness) (difficult to enter, difficult to fathom, inaccessible)

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā river

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by which

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

• विसृष्टम् (visṛṣṭam) - abandoned (referring to the body) (abandoned, released, given up)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - attained (equality) (gone, attained)

• धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - steadfast individuals (wise, steadfast, firm)

• ते (te) - they, those

• विबुधैः (vibudhaiḥ) - by the gods (by the gods, by the wise)

• समत्वम् (samatvam) - equality (with the gods) (equality, sameness, impartiality)

Words meanings and morphology

पयस्विनीम् (payasvinīm) - flowing with water (flowing with water, full of milk, juicy)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of payasvinī

payasvinī - flowing with water, full of milk, juicy

From 'payas' (water, milk) + 'vin' suffix (possessing) + 'ī' (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'gaṅgām'.

घृतिनीम् (ghṛtinīm) - enduring (as a river) (firm, enduring, carrying clarity/splendor)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ghṛtinī

ghṛtinī - firm, enduring, carrying clarity/splendor

From 'ghṛti' (firmness, patience, splendor) + 'vin' suffix (possessing) + 'ī' (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'gaṅgām'.

अत्युदाराम् (atyudārām) - exceedingly generous (as a river providing benefits) (exceedingly generous, very noble, very liberal)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of atyudārā

atyudārā - exceedingly generous, very noble, very liberal

From 'ati' (excessive) + 'udārā' (generous, noble)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+udārā)

• ati – over, beyond, excessive
  indeclinable
• udārā – generous, noble, lofty
  adjective (feminine)
  Prefix: ud

Note: Qualifies 'gaṅgām'.

समृद्धिनीम् (samṛddhinīm) - brimming with abundance (referring to the benefits provided by the river) (prosperous, abundant, rich)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samṛddhinī

samṛddhinī - prosperous, abundant, rich

From 'samṛddhi' (prosperity, abundance) + 'vin' suffix (possessing) + 'ī' (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'gaṅgām'.

वेगिनीम् (veginīm) - swift (referring to the river's current) (swift, rapid, impetuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of veginī

veginī - swift, rapid, impetuous

From 'vega' (speed, current) + 'in' suffix (possessing) + 'ī' (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'gaṅgām'.

दुर्विगाह्याम् (durvigāhyām) - difficult to fathom (referring to its profound qualities or vastness) (difficult to enter, difficult to fathom, inaccessible)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durvigāhyā

durvigāhyā - difficult to enter, difficult to fathom, inaccessible

Gerundive

From 'dur' (difficult) + 'vi' (prefix) + root 'gāh' (to plunge, enter) + '-ya' suffix (gerundive)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+vigāhyā)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• vigāhyā – to be entered, to be fathomed
  adjective (feminine)
  Gerundive
  From 'vi' + root 'gāh' + '-ya'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'gaṅgām'.

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the Gaṅgā river

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root 'gam' + '-tvā' suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: An absolutive is generally considered an indeclinable.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the 'dhīrāḥ' (wise ones)

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, form

Root: śṝ

Note: Object of 'visṛṣṭam' (implicitly, as subject of passive participle)

विसृष्टम् (visṛṣṭam) - abandoned (referring to the body) (abandoned, released, given up)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of visṛṣṭa

visṛṣṭa - abandoned, released, given up

Past Passive Participle

From 'vi' (apart) + root 'sṛj' (to release, abandon) + '-ta' (PPP suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'śarīram'.

गताः (gatāḥ) - attained (equality) (gone, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) + '-ta' (PPP suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dhīrāḥ' and 'te'.

धीराः (dhīrāḥ) - steadfast individuals (wise, steadfast, firm)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhīra

dhīra - wise, steadfast, firm, patient

Root: dhī

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'dhīrāḥ'.

विबुधैः (vibudhaiḥ) - by the gods (by the gods, by the wise)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vibudha

vibudha - god, wise person, learned

From 'vi' (prefix) + root 'budh' (to know)

Prefix: vi

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Expresses comparison or association 'with'.

समत्वम् (samatvam) - equality (with the gods) (equality, sameness, impartiality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samatva

samatva - equality, sameness, impartiality

From 'sama' (equal) + '-tva' (abstract noun suffix)

Note: Object of attainment ('gatāḥ').

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