महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-48

यथा सुराणाममृतं पितॄणां च यथा स्वधा ।
सुधा यथा च नागानां तथा गङ्गाजलं नृणाम् ॥४८॥

48. yathā surāṇāmamṛtaṁ pitṝṇāṁ ca yathā svadhā ,
sudhā yathā ca nāgānāṁ tathā gaṅgājalaṁ nṛṇām.

48. yathā surāṇām amṛtam pitṛṇām ca yathā svadhā
sudhā yathā ca nāgānām tathā gaṅgājalam nṛṇām

48. Just as the divine nectar (amṛta) is for the gods, and just as the ancestral offering (svadhā) is for the ancestors, and just as nectar is for the Nāgas, so too is the water of the Gaṅgā for humanity.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which manner)

• सुराणाम् (surāṇām) - of the gods (of the gods, of the divinities)

• अमृतम् (amṛtam) - divine nectar (amṛta) (nectar, immortality, ambrosia)

• पितृणाम् (pitṛṇām) - of the ancestors (of the ancestors, of the fathers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which manner)

• स्वधा (svadhā) - ancestral offering (svadhā) (ancestral offering, spontaneous will, innate power)

• सुधा (sudhā) - nectar (nectar, ambrosia, plaster, white-wash)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which manner)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नागानाम् (nāgānām) - of the Nāgas (of the serpents, of the Nāgas)

• तथा (tathā) - so too (so, thus, likewise)

• गङ्गाजलम् (gaṅgājalam) - the Gaṅgā water (Gaṅgā water)

• नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - for humanity (of men, of human beings)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to 'tathā'.

Note: Used to introduce a comparison.

सुराणाम् (surāṇām) - of the gods (of the gods, of the divinities)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity, divine being

Note: Possessive, 'for the gods'.

अमृतम् (amṛtam) - divine nectar (amṛta) (nectar, immortality, ambrosia)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - immortal, nectar, ambrosia, immortality

From a- (not) + mṛta (dead).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mṛta)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mṛta – dead, deceased
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mṛ- (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.

पितृणाम् (pitṛṇām) - of the ancestors (of the ancestors, of the fathers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, paternal relative

Root 'pā' (to protect) or 'pat' (to fall)

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Possessive, 'for the ancestors'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to 'tathā'.

Note: Used to introduce a comparison.

स्वधा (svadhā) - ancestral offering (svadhā) (ancestral offering, spontaneous will, innate power)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svadhā

svadhā - ancestral offering, oblation to ancestors, inherent power, spontaneous will, funeral oblation

From sva- (own) + dhā- (to place, set, hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.

सुधा (sudhā) - nectar (nectar, ambrosia, plaster, white-wash)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sudhā

sudhā - nectar, ambrosia, good drink, plaster, white-wash

From su- (good) + dhā- (to place, drink).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to 'tathā'.

Note: Used to introduce a comparison.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses.

नागानाम् (nāgānām) - of the Nāgas (of the serpents, of the Nāgas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, cobra, elephant, a Nāga (mythical serpent-being)

Note: Possessive, 'for the Nāgas'.

तथा (tathā) - so too (so, thus, likewise)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to 'yathā'.

गङ्गाजलम् (gaṅgājalam) - the Gaṅgā water (Gaṅgā water)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gaṅgājala

gaṅgājala - water of the Gaṅgā

Compound of 'gaṅgā' and 'jala'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgā+jala)

• gaṅgā – the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)
  proper noun (feminine)
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jal (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.

नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - for humanity (of men, of human beings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ

nṛ - man, human being, male

Irregular declension.

Root: nṛ

Note: Possessive, 'for men'.

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