महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-45

प्रकृष्टैरशुभैर्ग्रस्ताननेकैः पुरुषाधमान् ।
पततो नरके गङ्गा संश्रितान्प्रेत्य तारयेत् ॥४५॥

45. prakṛṣṭairaśubhairgrastānanekaiḥ puruṣādhamān ,
patato narake gaṅgā saṁśritānpretya tārayet.

45. prakṛṣṭaiḥ aśubhaiḥ grastān anekaiḥ puruṣādhamān
patataḥ narake gaṅgā saṃśritān pretya tārayet

45. Even those lowest of men (puruṣa) who are afflicted by many grave evils and are falling into hell, if they have taken refuge in the Gaṅgā, she would certainly rescue them after death.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रकृष्टैः (prakṛṣṭaiḥ) - by grave, by heinous (evils) (by excellent, by extreme, by intense)

• अशुभैः (aśubhaiḥ) - by evils, by sins (by inauspicious, by evil, by bad things)

• ग्रस्तान् (grastān) - afflicted by (seized, devoured, overcome)

• अनेकैः (anekaiḥ) - by many (by many, by numerous)

• पुरुषाधमान् (puruṣādhamān) - lowest of men (puruṣa) (lowliest of men, despicable men)

• पततः (patataḥ) - falling (into hell) (falling, dropping, flying)

• नरके (narake) - into hell (in hell, into hell)

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the sacred river Gaṅgā (the river Gaṅgā)

• संश्रितान् (saṁśritān) - those who have taken refuge (in her) (those who have taken refuge, dependent)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death (after death, having died)

• तारयेत् (tārayet) - would save (may save, would save, should cause to cross)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रकृष्टैः (prakṛṣṭaiḥ) - by grave, by heinous (evils) (by excellent, by extreme, by intense)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prakṛṣṭa

prakṛṣṭa - excellent, prominent, intense, elevated, heinous

Past Passive Participle

From pra- (prefix) + kṛṣ- (to draw, pull, drag, cultivate)

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aśubhaiḥ'.

अशुभैः (aśubhaiḥ) - by evils, by sins (by inauspicious, by evil, by bad things)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of aśubha

aśubha - inauspicious, evil, bad, ill-omened

Negation of śubha (auspicious)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śubha)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śubha – auspicious, beautiful, good
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Used as a noun meaning 'evils' or 'sins'.

ग्रस्तान् (grastān) - afflicted by (seized, devoured, overcome)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grasta

grasta - seized, swallowed, overcome, afflicted, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

From root gras- (to seize, devour)

Root: gras (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣādhamān'.

अनेकैः (anekaiḥ) - by many (by many, by numerous)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aneka

aneka - not one, many, numerous

Negation of eka (one)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+eka)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• eka – one, single, unique
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'prakṛṣṭaiḥ aśubhaiḥ'.

पुरुषाधमान् (puruṣādhamān) - lowest of men (puruṣa) (lowliest of men, despicable men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puruṣādhama

puruṣādhama - lowliest of men, vile person, despicable man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+adhama)

• puruṣa – man, person, spirit (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• adhama – lowest, meanest, vile, inferior
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Object of 'tārayet'.

पततः (patataḥ) - falling (into hell) (falling, dropping, flying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, flying, dropping, alighting

Present Active Participle

From root pat- (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣādhamān'.

नरके (narake) - into hell (in hell, into hell)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, underworld, a place of torment

Note: Indicates the destination.

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the sacred river Gaṅgā (the river Gaṅgā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)

Note: Subject of the verb 'tārayet'.

संश्रितान् (saṁśritān) - those who have taken refuge (in her) (those who have taken refuge, dependent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśrita

saṁśrita - taken refuge in, resorted to, dependent, supported

Past Passive Participle

From sam- (prefix) + śri- (to resort to, seek refuge, lean on)

Prefix: sam

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣādhamān'.

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death (after death, having died)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From pra- (prefix) + i- (to go), with -tya suffix for absolutives with prefixes.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tārayet'.

तारयेत् (tārayet) - would save (may save, would save, should cause to cross)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of tṛ

Optative, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice, Causative

Formed from the causative stem 'tāray-' of root 'tṛ'.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, subject is 'gaṅgā'.

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