महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-57

हंसारावैः कोकरवै रवैरन्यैश्च पक्षिणाम् ।
पस्पर्ध गङ्गा गन्धर्वान्पुलिनैश्च शिलोच्चयान् ॥५७॥

57. haṁsārāvaiḥ kokaravai ravairanyaiśca pakṣiṇām ,
paspardha gaṅgā gandharvānpulinaiśca śiloccayān.

57. haṃsārāvaiḥ kokaravaiḥ ravaiḥ anyaiḥ ca pakṣiṇām
paspardha gaṅgā gandharvān pulinaiḥ ca śiloccayān

57. gaṅgā haṃsārāvaiḥ kokaravaiḥ ca anyaiḥ pakṣiṇām
ravaiḥ gandharvān paspardha ca pulinaiḥ śiloccayān

57. The Gaṅgā, with the calls of swans, cakravāka birds, and other avian sounds, rivaled the celestial musicians (gandharvas), and with her sandbanks, she contended with mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• हंसारावैः (haṁsārāvaiḥ) - by the cries/sounds of swans

• कोकरवैः (kokaravaiḥ) - by the cries/sounds of cakravāka birds

• रवैः (ravaiḥ) - by various sounds (by sounds, by cries)

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other (birds' sounds) (by others)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पक्षिणाम् (pakṣiṇām) - of birds

• पस्पर्ध (paspardha) - rivaled (contended, vied, competed)

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the river Ganga

• गन्धर्वान् (gandharvān) - celestial musicians (gandharvas) (Gandharvas, celestial musicians)

• पुलिनैः (pulinaiḥ) - by her sandbanks (by sandbanks, by river islands)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शिलोच्चयान् (śiloccayān) - mountains (high rocks, mountains)

Words meanings and morphology

हंसारावैः (haṁsārāvaiḥ) - by the cries/sounds of swans

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haṃsārāva

haṁsārāva - cries/sounds of swans

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haṃsa+ārāva)

• haṃsa – swan
  noun (masculine)
• ārāva – cry, sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√ru (to sound).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ru (class 2)

कोकरवैः (kokaravaiḥ) - by the cries/sounds of cakravāka birds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kokarāva

kokarāva - cries/sounds of cakravāka bird

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (koka+ārāva)

• koka – cakravāka bird
  noun (masculine)
• ārāva – cry, sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√ru (to sound).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ru (class 2)

रवैः (ravaiḥ) - by various sounds (by sounds, by cries)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rava

rava - sound, cry, roar, noise

From √ru (to sound).

Root: ru (class 2)

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other (birds' sounds) (by others)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Adjectival use, modifying `ravaiḥ` (implied with `pakṣiṇām`).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पक्षिणाम् (pakṣiṇām) - of birds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird (lit. having wings)

From `pakṣa` (wing) + `in` suffix.

Note: Qualifies `ravaiḥ`.

पस्पर्ध (paspardha) - rivaled (contended, vied, competed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of spardh

Perfect active

Reduplicated root, Parasmaipada, although `spardh` is usually Ātmanepada. Pāṇini 1.3.29 allows Parasmaipada in specific contexts or by Varttika. `paspardha` is given as perfect for `spardh`.

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: The subject is `gaṅgā`.

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the river Ganga

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganga

Note: Subject of the verb `paspardha`.

गन्धर्वान् (gandharvān) - celestial musicians (gandharvas) (Gandharvas, celestial musicians)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - a class of celestial beings, celestial musicians, skilled singers

Note: Object of contention for `paspardha`.

पुलिनैः (pulinaiḥ) - by her sandbanks (by sandbanks, by river islands)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of pulina

pulina - sandbank, alluvial formation, river island

Note: Means by which Gaṅgā contends.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two rivalries.

शिलोच्चयान् (śiloccayān) - mountains (high rocks, mountains)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śiloccaya

śiloccaya - heap of rocks, mountain, high rock

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+uccaya)

• śilā – rock, stone
  noun (feminine)
• uccaya – heap, collection, accumulation, elevation
  noun (masculine)
  From ud-√ci (to heap up).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of contention for `paspardha`, parallel to `gandharvān`.

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