महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-18

के देशाः के जनपदा आश्रमाः के च पर्वताः ।
प्रकृष्टाः पुण्यतः काश्च ज्ञेया नद्यः पितामह ॥१८॥

18. ke deśāḥ ke janapadā āśramāḥ ke ca parvatāḥ ,
prakṛṣṭāḥ puṇyataḥ kāśca jñeyā nadyaḥ pitāmaha.

18. ke deśāḥ ke janapadāḥ āśramāḥ ke ca parvatāḥ
prakṛṣṭāḥ puṇyataḥ kāḥ ca jñeyāḥ nadyaḥ pitāmaha

18. pitāmaha ke deśāḥ ke janapadāḥ ke ca āśramāḥ ke ca parvatāḥ puṇyataḥ prakṛṣṭāḥ,
ca kāḥ nadyaḥ jñeyāḥ

18. O Grandfather, which countries, which populated regions, which hermitages (āśrama), and which mountains are considered preeminent in terms of sacred merit, and which rivers are to be known for their sanctity?

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - which, what kind of

• देशाः (deśāḥ) - countries, regions, places

• के (ke) - which, what kind of

• जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - populated regions, districts

• आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - hermitages, stages of life

• के (ke) - which, what kind of

• च (ca) - and

• पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains, hills

• प्रकृष्टाः (prakṛṣṭāḥ) - excellent, distinguished, preeminent

• पुण्यतः (puṇyataḥ) - from the point of view of merit/purity, due to sacred merit

• काः (kāḥ) - which (feminine)

• च (ca) - and

• ज्ञेयाः (jñeyāḥ) - to be known, worthy of being known

• नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhishma (O Grandfather!)

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - which, what kind of

(interrogative pronoun)

देशाः (deśāḥ) - countries, regions, places

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deśa

deśa - country, region, place, direction

के (ke) - which, what kind of

(interrogative pronoun)

जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - populated regions, districts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janapada

janapada - populated country, district, community, realm

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+pada)

• jana – people, man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pada – place, region, foot, step
  noun (neuter)

आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - hermitages, stages of life

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastery, retreat; a stage of life (e.g., brahmacarya, gṛhastha, vānaprastha, saṃnyāsa)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

के (ke) - which, what kind of

(interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - mountains, hills

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

प्रकृष्टाः (prakṛṣṭāḥ) - excellent, distinguished, preeminent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prakṛṣṭa

prakṛṣṭa - excellent, distinguished, preeminent, superior

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra- + √kṛṣ (to drag, draw, cultivate) + -ta

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

पुण्यतः (puṇyataḥ) - from the point of view of merit/purity, due to sacred merit

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -tas, indicating 'from' or 'in terms of'

काः (kāḥ) - which (feminine)

(interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ज्ञेयाः (jñeyāḥ) - to be known, worthy of being known

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, worthy of being known or recognized

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from √jñā (to know) with suffix -eya

Root: jñā (class 9)

नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river, stream

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhishma (O Grandfather!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather; a respectful address for an elder; Brahma (the creator god)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pitā+maha)

• pitā – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)

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