महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-68

वानप्रस्थैर्गृहस्थैश्च यतिभिर्ब्रह्मचारिभिः ।
विद्यावद्भिः श्रितां गङ्गां पुमान्को नाम नाश्रयेत् ॥६८॥

68. vānaprasthairgṛhasthaiśca yatibhirbrahmacāribhiḥ ,
vidyāvadbhiḥ śritāṁ gaṅgāṁ pumānko nāma nāśrayet.

68. vānaprasthaiḥ gṛhasthaiḥ ca yatibhiḥ brahmacāribhiḥ
vidyāvaddhiḥ śritām gaṅgām pumān kaḥ nāma na āśrayet

68. kaḥ nāma pumān vānaprasthaiḥ ca gṛhasthaiḥ yatibhiḥ
brahmacāribhiḥ vidyāvaddhiḥ śritām gaṅgām na āśrayet

68. What person indeed would not take refuge in the Gaṅgā, which is resorted to by forest dwellers, householders, ascetics, celibate students, and the learned?

Words meanings summery:

• वानप्रस्थैः (vānaprasthaiḥ) - by those in the vānaprastha (forest dweller) stage of life (by forest dwellers, by hermits)

• गृहस्थैः (gṛhasthaiḥ) - by those in the gṛhastha (householder) stage of life (by householders)

• च (ca) - and, also

• यतिभिः (yatibhiḥ) - by ascetics, by renunciants

• ब्रह्मचारिभिः (brahmacāribhiḥ) - by celibate students, by those observing brahmacarya

• विद्यावद्धिः (vidyāvaddhiḥ) - by the learned, by the wise

• श्रिताम् (śritām) - resorted to, frequented, served

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā river

• पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a male, a person

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what (interrogative pronoun)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name (particle emphasizing a question)

• न (na) - not, no

• आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - one would take refuge in, would resort to

Words meanings and morphology

वानप्रस्थैः (vānaprasthaiḥ) - by those in the vānaprastha (forest dweller) stage of life (by forest dwellers, by hermits)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vānaprastha

vānaprastha - forest dweller, hermit, one in the third stage of life (āśrama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+prastha)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• prastha – gone forth, standing, residing (PPP of √sthā with pra)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √sthā (to stand) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sthā (class 1)

गृहस्थैः (gṛhasthaiḥ) - by those in the gṛhastha (householder) stage of life (by householders)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - householder, one who dwells in a house (second stage of life)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated (from √sthā)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यतिभिः (yatibhiḥ) - by ascetics, by renunciants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yati

yati - ascetic, renunciant, one who has controlled his senses

From √yam (to restrain, control)

Root: yam (class 1)

ब्रह्मचारिभिः (brahmacāribhiḥ) - by celibate students, by those observing brahmacarya

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who practices brahmacarya (celibate student, religious student), chaste

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – walking, moving, practicing, follower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from √car (to move, to practice)
  Root: car (class 1)

विद्यावद्धिः (vidyāvaddhiḥ) - by the learned, by the wise

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vidyāvat

vidyāvat - possessing knowledge, learned, wise

Derived from vidyā (knowledge) with the possessive suffix -vat.

Note: Used substantively as 'the learned ones'.

श्रिताम् (śritām) - resorted to, frequented, served

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrita

śri - to resort to, to depend on, to serve, to take refuge

Past Passive Participle

From √śri (to resort to, to lean on)

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies Gaṅgā.

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the Gaṅgā river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganges

पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a male, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, person, male principle

कः (kaḥ) - who, what (interrogative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name (particle emphasizing a question)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - one would take refuge in, would resort to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āśri

From √śri (to resort to) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

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