महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-51

यथोपजीविनां धेनुर्देवादीनां धरा स्मृता ।
तथोपजीविनां गङ्गा सर्वप्राणभृतामिह ॥५१॥

51. yathopajīvināṁ dhenurdevādīnāṁ dharā smṛtā ,
tathopajīvināṁ gaṅgā sarvaprāṇabhṛtāmiha.

51. yathā upajīvinām dhenuḥ devādīnām dharā smṛtā
tathā upajīvinām gaṅgā sarvaprāṇabhṛtām iha

51. yathā upajīvinām dhenuḥ smṛtā devādīnām dharā
smṛtā tathā iha sarvaprāṇabhṛtām gaṅgā upajīvinām

51. Just as the cow is traditionally regarded as the sustenance for dependents, and the Earth (dharā) is remembered as such for the gods and other divine beings, similarly, in this world, the Gaṅgā serves as sustenance for all living beings (prāṇabhṛt).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in what manner)

• उपजीविनाम् (upajīvinām) - of dependents (of dependents, of those living by/on, of those sustained by)

• धेनुः (dhenuḥ) - cow (cow, milch-cow)

• देवादीनाम् (devādīnām) - of the gods and other divine beings (of gods and others, beginning with gods)

• धरा (dharā) - Earth (dharā) (Earth, bearer, sustainer)

• स्मृता (smṛtā) - is traditionally regarded/remembered (remembered, traditionally known, considered)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so, in that manner)

• उपजीविनाम् (upajīvinām) - of dependents (implied for Gaṅgā) (of dependents, of those living by/on, of those sustained by)

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the Gaṅgā (the river Ganga)

• सर्वप्राणभृताम् (sarvaprāṇabhṛtām) - of all living beings (prāṇabhṛt) (of all living beings, of all animated beings)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this time)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

उपजीविनाम् (upajīvinām) - of dependents (of dependents, of those living by/on, of those sustained by)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of upajīvin

upajīvin - dependent, subsisting by, living on, parasite

Derived from root `jīv` (to live) with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Acts as object of relation.

धेनुः (dhenuḥ) - cow (cow, milch-cow)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - milch-cow, cow

Root: dhā

देवादीनाम् (devādīnām) - of the gods and other divine beings (of gods and others, beginning with gods)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of devādi

devādi - gods and others, etc. (with gods as first)

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+ādi)

• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on, first
  noun (masculine)

धरा (dharā) - Earth (dharā) (Earth, bearer, sustainer)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharā

dharā - Earth, ground, soil, a bearer, sustainer

Derived from root `dhṛ` (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

स्मृता (smṛtā) - is traditionally regarded/remembered (remembered, traditionally known, considered)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, thought of, mentioned, traditional

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `smṛ` (to remember) with suffix `kta` (P.P.P.).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

उपजीविनाम् (upajīvinām) - of dependents (implied for Gaṅgā) (of dependents, of those living by/on, of those sustained by)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of upajīvin

upajīvin - dependent, subsisting by, living on, parasite

Derived from root `jīv` (to live) with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Acts as object of relation. It applies to both `dhenuḥ` and `gaṅgā`.

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the Gaṅgā (the river Ganga)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganga (personified as a goddess)

सर्वप्राणभृताम् (sarvaprāṇabhṛtām) - of all living beings (prāṇabhṛt) (of all living beings, of all animated beings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvaprāṇabhṛt

sarvaprāṇabhṛt - all living beings, all animate creatures

Tatpuruṣa compound: `sarva` (all) + `prāṇabhṛt` (living being).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+prāṇabhṛt)

• sarva – all, every, whole, entire
  adjective
• prāṇabhṛt – living being, animated creature, sustainer of life
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `prāṇa` (life breath) and `bhṛt` (bearer/sustainer, from `√bhṛ`).
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this time)

(indeclinable)

Previous Verse Next Verse