महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-27, verse-38

इन्दुव्रतसहस्रं तु चरेद्यः कायशोधनम् ।
पिबेद्यश्चापि गङ्गाम्भः समौ स्यातां न वा समौ ॥३८॥

38. induvratasahasraṁ tu caredyaḥ kāyaśodhanam ,
pibedyaścāpi gaṅgāmbhaḥ samau syātāṁ na vā samau.

38. induvratasahasram tu caret yaḥ kāyaśodhanam pibet
yaḥ ca api gaṅgāmbhaḥ samau syātām na vā samau

38. yaḥ tu kāyaśodhanam induvratasahasram caret,
yaḥ ca api gaṅgāmbhaḥ pibet,
samau syātām na vā samau

38. Even if one performs a thousand lunar vows for bodily purification, and another drinks the water of the Gaṅgā, would these two be equal, or rather, not equal?

Words meanings summery:

• इन्दुव्रतसहस्रम् (induvratasahasram) - a thousand lunar vows/observances

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• चरेत् (caret) - should perform, should practice

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• कायशोधनम् (kāyaśodhanam) - bodily purification, cleansing of the body

• पिबेत् (pibet) - should drink

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• गङ्गाम्भः (gaṅgāmbhaḥ) - water of the Gaṅgā

• समौ (samau) - equal, alike, same

• स्याताम् (syātām) - they two would be

• न (na) - not, no

• वा (vā) - or, either

• समौ (samau) - equal, alike, same

Words meanings and morphology

इन्दुव्रतसहस्रम् (induvratasahasram) - a thousand lunar vows/observances

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of induvratasahasra

induvratasahasra - a thousand vows related to the moon, a thousand lunar observances

Compound (Tatpuruṣa) combining 'induvrata' and 'sahasra'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (induvrata+sahasra)

• induvrata – a vow or observance related to the moon
  noun (neuter)
  Compound (Tatpuruṣa) of 'indu' (moon) and 'vrata' (vow)
• sahasra – a thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to a specific type of ascetic vow or ritual.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

चरेत् (caret) - should perform, should practice

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of car

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Root √car, 1st conjugation, present stem 'cara-'

Root: car (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

कायशोधनम् (kāyaśodhanam) - bodily purification, cleansing of the body

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāyaśodhana

kāyaśodhana - purification of the body

Compound (Tatpuruṣa) of 'kāya' (body) and 'śodhana' (purification)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāya+śodhana)

• kāya – body, collection
  noun (masculine)
• śodhana – cleansing, purifying, purification
  noun (neuter)
  From root √śudh (to purify, to cleanse)
  Root: śudh (class 4)

पिबेत् (pibet) - should drink

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pā

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Root √pā, 3rd conjugation, present stem 'piba-'

Root: pā (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

गङ्गाम्भः (gaṅgāmbhaḥ) - water of the Gaṅgā

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gaṅgāmbhas

gaṅgāmbhas - water of the Gaṅgā river

Compound (Tatpuruṣa) of 'Gaṅgā' and 'ambhas' (water)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgā+ambhas)

• gaṅgā – the Gaṅgā river
  proper noun (feminine)
• ambhas – water, fluid
  noun (neuter)

समौ (samau) - equal, alike, same

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sama

sama - equal, even, same, alike

Note: Refers to the two persons described in the verse.

स्याताम् (syātām) - they two would be

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Root √as, 2nd conjugation

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

समौ (samau) - equal, alike, same

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sama

sama - equal, even, same, alike

Note: Refers to the two persons described in the verse.

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